Germans abroad. Wiebke Lisner’s ‘“A Birth is Nothing out of the Ordinary Here . . .”: Mothers, Midwives and the Private Sphere in the “Reichsgau Wartheland” 1939–1945’ shows that relationships ‘based on personal acquaintance, similar biographical experiences, a common language and shifting definitions of “Germanness”’ created ‘a degree of autonomy for ethnic German mothers and their Polish midwives’. In giving priority ‘to the wishes and needs of the woman giving birth and her family’, Lisner suggests, ethnic Germans and Poles were ‘defying the imposition of “German” standards and the state’s desire to exercise control’ (330). Carlos A. Haas’s final chapter, ‘Transformations of the “Private”: Proximity and Distance in the Spatial Confinement of the Ghettos in Occupied Poland 1939–1942’ illustrates how ‘massive spatial restrictions’ (332) affected the character of intimacy and private life. Polish Jews may not have been aware of the Third Reich’s developing plans for a ‘Final Solution’, but ‘through the spatial aspects of German policy’ the Jewish population certainly understood, ‘at least to a degree, the dynamics of the indirect, later the direct, extermination’ (351). Lisner’s chapter is in many respects the exception to the rule in addressing explicitly the space for non-conformity and (passive) resistance, topics which receive considerably less attention in this volume than, for example, Martin Broszat, Detlev Peukert or Alf Lüdtke’s classical studies of everyday (private) life in the Third Reich. This minor caveat aside, the volume’s combination of new empirical research and theoretical sophistication is impressive, representing an important point of departure for anyone interested in the private and privacy in the Third Reich.

中文翻译：

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Sándor Horváth，斯大林主义重装上阵：斯大林城的日常生活

国外的德国人。维布克·利斯纳 (Wiebke Lisner) 的“出生与平凡无异”。. .”：“Reichsgau Wartheland”1939-1945 中的母亲、助产士和私人领域表明，“基于个人相识、相似的传记经历、共同语言和对“德国”的不断变化的定义的关系创造了“一定程度的自主权”为德裔母亲和她们的波兰助产士而设”。在优先考虑“分娩妇女及其家庭的愿望和需要”时，利斯纳认为，德国人和波兰人“无视“德国”标准的强加和国家行使控制权的愿望（330）。卡洛斯·A·哈斯 (Carlos A. Haas) 的最后一章“私人的转变”：1939 年至 1942 年被占领的波兰隔都在空间限制中的接近度和距离'说明了“大规模空间限制”（332）如何影响亲密和私人生活的特征。波兰犹太人可能不知道第三帝国为“最终解决方案”制定的发展计划，但“通过德国政策的空间方面”，犹太人口当然理解，“至少在某种程度上，间接的动态，后来直接，灭绝'（351）。Lisner 的章节在许多方面是规则的例外，明确解决了不合格和（被动）抵抗的空间，这些主题在本卷中受到的关注远少于 Martin Broszat、Detlev Peukert 或 Alf Lüdtke 的经典研究第三帝国的日常生活（私人）。撇开这个小警告，