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Long‐term monitoring of common spadefoot toad activity in a European steppe using barn owl pellets
Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s40709-021-00133-w
Lukas Landler 1 , Katharina Stefke 2
Affiliation  

One third of the worldwide amphibian species are threatened, therefore, efficient monitoring efforts are needed. Amphibians which adopt a hidden lifestyle, such as the common spadefoot toad, are often missed with standard surveying efforts. Spadefoot toads can be identified in regurgitated pellets of the barn owl, which provides an effective way to estimate toad activity. In our study we analyzed frequency of spadefoot toad remains from 2004 to 2016 in a steppe landscape in eastern Austria. We used an automated model selection procedure together with a GLM analysis using a zero inflated error Poisson distribution, to analyze the presence of Pelobates fuscus in barn owl pellets. All analyses were done in the statistical software R, and the scripts to reproduce our results are available within this publication. Our approach may provide a template for other researchers to use for their own pellet data. Our analysis suggested that activity of the common spadefoot toad is mainly influenced by rainfalls, while time of the year and temperature had small but significant effects. Interestingly, our data confirmed the possibility of a second breeding period in summer, triggered by heavy rainfalls. There were no indications for a population decrease in the observed years and locations. Our study shows that barn owl pellets can be used effectivley to assess pelobatid activity in an area. This might constitute a useful monitoring tool for conservation management for amphibians.

中文翻译:

使用谷仓猫头鹰颗粒长期监测欧洲草原中常见的铲足蟾蜍活动

全球三分之一的两栖动物物种受到威胁,因此需要进行有效的监测工作。采用隐藏生活方式的两栖动物,例如常见的铲足蟾蜍,在标准测量工作中经常被遗漏。可以在谷仓猫头鹰的反流颗粒中识别出锹足蟾蜍,这提供了一种评估蟾蜍活动的有效方法。在我们的研究中,我们分析了 2004 年至 2016 年在奥地利东部草原景观中铲足蟾蜍遗骸的频率。我们使用自动模型选择程序和使用零膨胀误差泊松分布的 GLM 分析来分析谷仓猫头鹰颗粒中 Pelobates fuscus 的存在。所有分析均在统计软件 R 中完成,重现我们结果的脚本可在本出版物中找到。我们的方法可以为其他研究人员提供一个模板,用于他们自己的颗粒数据。我们的分析表明,普通锄足蟾的活动主要受降雨的影响,而一年中的时间和温度的影响很小但很显着。有趣的是,我们的数据证实了夏季第二个繁殖期的可能性,这是由强降雨引发的。没有迹象表明观察到的年份和地点的人口减少。我们的研究表明,谷仓猫头鹰颗粒可以有效地用于评估一个地区的 pelobatid 活动。这可能构成两栖动物保护管理的有用监测工具。而一年中的时间和温度有小而显着的影响。有趣的是,我们的数据证实了夏季第二个繁殖期的可能性,这是由强降雨引发的。没有迹象表明观察到的年份和地点的人口减少。我们的研究表明,谷仓猫头鹰颗粒可以有效地用于评估一个地区的 pelobatid 活动。这可能构成两栖动物保护管理的有用监测工具。而一年中的时间和温度有小而显着的影响。有趣的是,我们的数据证实了夏季第二个繁殖期的可能性,这是由强降雨引发的。没有迹象表明观察到的年份和地点的人口减少。我们的研究表明,谷仓猫头鹰颗粒可以有效地用于评估一个地区的 pelobatid 活动。这可能构成两栖动物保护管理的有用监测工具。
更新日期:2021-02-12
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