Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide ubiquitous, continuous and reliable positioning, navigation and timing information around the world. However, GNSS space segment design decisions have been based on the precursor Global Positioning System (GPS), which was designed in the 70s. This paper revisits those early design decisions in view of major technological advancements and new GNSS environmental threats. The rich tradespace between User Navigation Error (UNE) performance and constellation deployment costs is explored and conclusions are complemented by sensitivity analysis and association rule mining. This study finds that constellations at an orbit altitude of ~2 Earth radii can outperform existing GNSS in terms of cost, robustness and UNE. These insights should be taken into account when designing future generations of GNSS.

中文翻译：

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GNSS 空间段架构的 Tradespace 分析

全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 在世界范围内提供无处不在、连续和可靠的定位、导航和授时信息。然而，GNSS 空间段的设计决策是基于 70 年代设计的前身全球定位系统 (GPS)。鉴于重大技术进步和新的 GNSS 环境威胁，本文重新审视了这些早期的设计决策。探索了用户导航错误 (UNE) 性能和星座部署成本之间的丰富交易空间，并通过敏感性分析和关联规则挖掘来补充结论。该研究发现，轨道高度约为 2 地球半径的星座在成本、稳健性和 UNE 方面的性能优于现有的 GNSS。在设计下一代 GNSS 时，应考虑到这些见解。