Propagation graph (PG) is a stochastic channel simulation method for scattering propagation. In this article, an embedded-PG (EPG) approach, an extension of conventional PG, is proposed to simulate reflection and scattering multi-path behaviors in wireless channels. In this method, multiple propagation paths are categorized into scattering-path, reflecting-path, and scattering-reflecting mixed paths among reflectors and scatterers. The matrix recursive formula of conventional PG modeling is used to calculate scattering-path, a recursive mathematical transformation is applied to adapt reflecting-path into the recursive formula, and an embedded graph method is used to decompose mixed-path into scattering effects and reflection effects. The proposed simulation approach is validated by comparison with conventional PG and measurement in 39 GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) time-variant corridor scenario. Power delay profiles (PDPs) and spatial consistency of multiple paths observed in concatenated-PDPs (CPDPs) obtained by EPG are more consistent with measurement than conventional PG, differences of mean delay and delay spread between simulations and measurement in typical snapshots are within 3 ns and 1.5 ns, respectively.

中文翻译：

---

反射和散射的嵌入式传播图模型及其基于毫米波测量的评估


传播图（PG）是一种散射传播的随机信道模拟方法。在本文中，提出了一种嵌入式 PG (EPG) 方法，它是传统 PG 的扩展，用于模拟无线信道中的反射和散射多径行为。在该方法中，多个传播路径被分类为散射路径、反射路径以及反射器和散射体之间的散射-反射混合路径。采用常规PG建模的矩阵递推公式计算散射路径，利用递推数学变换将反射路径代入递推公式，并采用嵌入图方法将混合路径分解为散射效应和反射效应。通过与传统 PG 的比较以及 39 GHz 毫米波 (mm-wave) 时变走廊场景中的测量，验证了所提出的仿真方法。 EPG获得的级联PDP（CPDP）中观察到的功率延迟曲线（PDP）和多路径空间一致性比传统PG更符合测量结果，典型快照中模拟和测量之间的平均延迟和延迟扩展差异在3 ns以内和 1.5 ns，分​​别。