Initial colonisation of the infant gut is robustly influenced by regular ingestion of human milk, a substance that contains microbes, microbial metabolites, immune proteins, and oligosaccharides. Numerous factors have been identified as potential determinants of the human milk and infant gut microbiota, including maternal diet; however, there is limited data on the influence of maternal diet during lactation on either of these. Here, we review the processes thought to contribute to human milk and infant gut bacterial colonisation and provide a basis for considering the role of maternal dietary patterns during lactation in shaping infant gut microbial composition and function. Although only one observational study has directly investigated the influence of maternal diet during lactation on the infant gut microbiome, data from animal studies suggests that modulation of the maternal gut microbiota, via diet or probiotics, may influence the mammary or milk microbiota. Additionally, evidence from human studies suggests that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect the gut microbiota of the breastfed infant. Together, there is a plausible hypothesis that maternal diet during lactation may influence the infant gut microbiota. If substantiated in further studies, this may present a potential window of opportunity for modulating the infant gut microbiome in early life.

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我们可以通过母体饮食来调节母乳喂养的婴儿肠道微生物群吗？

婴儿肠道的初始定植受到定期摄入母乳的强烈影响，母乳是一种含有微生物、微生物代谢物、免疫蛋白和寡糖的物质。许多因素已被确定为母乳和婴儿肠道微生物群的潜在决定因素，包括母体饮食；然而，关于哺乳期母体饮食对其中任何一种影响的数据有限。在这里，我们回顾了被认为有助于母乳和婴儿肠道细菌定植的过程，并为考虑哺乳期间母体饮食模式在塑造婴儿肠道微生物组成和功能中的作用提供了基础。尽管只有一项观察性研究直接调查了哺乳期母体饮食对婴儿肠道微生物组的影响，动物研究数据表明，通过饮食或益生菌调节母体肠道微生物群可能会影响乳腺或乳汁微生物群。此外，来自人类研究的证据表明，怀孕期间的母体饮食可能会影响母乳喂养婴儿的肠道微生物群。总之，有一个似是而非的假设，即哺乳期的母体饮食可能会影响婴儿肠道微生物群。如果在进一步的研究中得到证实，这可能为在生命早期调节婴儿肠道微生物组提供一个潜在的机会窗口。有一个似是而非的假设，即哺乳期的母体饮食可能会影响婴儿肠道微生物群。如果在进一步的研究中得到证实，这可能为在生命早期调节婴儿肠道微生物组提供一个潜在的机会窗口。有一个似是而非的假设，即哺乳期的母体饮食可能会影响婴儿肠道微生物群。如果在进一步的研究中得到证实，这可能为在生命早期调节婴儿肠道微生物组提供一个潜在的机会窗口。