The ability of forecasting systems to simulate tropical cyclones is still insufficient, and currently, there is an increased interest in improving model performance for intense tropical cyclones. In this study, the impact of reducing surface drag at high wind speeds on modeling wind and wave conditions during the super Typhoon Lingling event over the northwest Pacific Ocean in 2019 is investigated. The model response with respect to the parameterization for momentum exchange at the ocean surface is demonstrated using a fully coupled regional atmosphere model (the Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling-Climate Limited-area Modeling, CCLM) and a wind wave model (WAM). The active two-way coupling between the atmosphere and ocean waves model is enabled through the introduction of sea state-dependent surface drag into the CCLM and updated winds into the WAM. The momentum exchange with the sea surface is modeled via the dependency of the roughness length (Z0) on the surface stress itself and, when applicable, on the wind speed. Several high-resolution runs are performed using one-way or two-way fully coupled regional atmosphere-wave (CCLM-WAM) models. The model simulations are assessed against the best track data as well as against buoy and satellite observations. The results show that the spectral nudging technique can improve the model’s ability to capture the large-scale circulation, track and intensity of Typhoon Lingling at regional scales. Under the precondition of large-scale constraining, the two-way coupling simulation with the proposed new roughness parameterization performs much better than the simulations used in older studies in capturing the maximum wind speed of Typhoon Lingling due to the reduced drag at extreme wind conditions for the new Z0.

预报系统模拟热带气旋的能力仍然不足，目前，人们对改善强热带气旋的模型性能越来越感兴趣。在这项研究中，研究了在2019年西北太平洋超级台风零陵事件期间，降低高风速表面阻力对模拟风浪条件的影响。使用完全耦合的区域大气模型（小规模模型联盟-气候有限区域模型联盟，CCLM）和风波模型（WAM），证明了有关海面动量交换参数化的模型响应。大气和海浪模型之间的主动双向耦合是通过将依赖于海洋状态的地表阻力引入CCLM以及将更新的风引入WAM来实现的。通过粗糙度长度（Z0）依赖于表面应力本身，以及在适用时依赖于风速来模拟与海面的动量交换。使用单向或双向全耦合区域性大气波（CCLM-WAM）模型可以执行多个高分辨率运行。模型模拟是根据最佳航迹数据以及浮标和卫星观测进行评估的。结果表明，频谱微动技术可以提高模型在区域尺度上捕捉台风零陵的大尺度环流，轨道和强度的能力。在大规模约束的前提下，