ABSTRACT

This article aims to define the main facets and challenges of undocumented migrants on the move in Fez city (Morocco) and their impact on neighbourhoods and on society at large. It seeks to measure the integration of sub-Saharan migrants in the host community through the metrics of their participation in economic and social activities in urban space and discusses the main hurdles impeding their integration. The data show that there is, on the one hand, a quite low degree of acceptance by the local population, which in general tolerates their presence although signs of discrimination and prejudice in certain neighbourhoods are observed. On the other hand, the sample shows that some sort of partial integration occurs through forms of micro-entrepreneurial activities and use of city services. Further, the article proposes the idea of rethinking the concept of citizenship in order to understand the new flows of migration. It shows that the concept of citizenship needs to be re-considered beyond the formal and legal dimension, in order to include informal dimensions for a more realistic rendering of the interaction between migrants and the city. Unlike Isin (2017. “Performative Citizenship.” In The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship, edited by Ayelet Shachar, Rainer Bauböck, Irene Bloemraad, and Maarten Vink, 500–523. Oxford: Oxford University Press) and others who focus mainly on acts of citizenship as political, the article reveals that migrants perform their own acts of citizenship through social interaction, in line with Ong's (2007) theory of mutations of citizenship.

摘要

本文旨在确定无证移民在非斯市（摩洛哥）流动的主要方面和挑战，以及他们对社区和整个社会的影响。它旨在通过衡量撒哈拉以南移民在城市空间中参与经济和社会活动的指标来衡量他们在东道社区中的融入情况，并讨论阻碍他们融入的主要障碍。数据显示，一方面，当地居民的接受程度很低，尽管在某些社区观察到歧视和偏见的迹象，但他们普遍容忍他们的存在。另一方面，样本表明，某种形式的局部整合是通过微型创业活动的形式和城市服务的使用发生的。更远，这篇文章提出了重新思考公民身份概念的想法，以了解新的移民流动。它表明，公民的概念需要在正式和法律层面之外重新考虑，以便将非正式层面包括在内，以便更现实地呈现移民与城市之间的互动。与伊辛不同（2017 年。“行为公民”。牛津公民手册，由 Ayelet Shachar、Rainer Bauböck、Irene Bloemraad 和 Maarten Vink 编辑，500-523。牛津：牛津大学出版社）和其他主要关注公民身份行为作为政治的人，文章揭示了移民通过社会互动履行自己的公民身份行为，符合 Ong（2007）的公民身份突变理论。