In 1820, a Handbook of the Flora of Scandinavia by Carl Hartman was published in Stockholm by Zacharias Haeggström. The Handbook was a successful project for both author and publisher: similar enough to textbooks and academic publications to appeal in educational settings, yet ostensibly written for the general public. The Handbook went through eleven editions, becoming the standard reference flora for Swedish botanists – academic as well as others – before being succeeded after 1879 by a range of specialized floras aimed at schoolboys, students, or academic botanists. The trajectory of Hartman’s Handbook through the nineteenth century highlights the changing conditions of Swedish botanical publication. It draws attention to authorship as a scientific career tool, and, conversely, the significance of scientific texts in the emergence of commercial publishing in the first half of the nineteenth century.

1820 年，卡尔·哈特曼 (Carl Hartman)的《斯堪的纳维亚植物手册》由 Zacharias Haeggström 在斯德哥尔摩出版。这本手册对作者和出版商来说都是一个成功的项目：与教科书和学术出版物非常相似，在教育环境中具有吸引力，但表面上是为公众编写的。该手册经历了 11 个版本，成为瑞典植物学家（学术和其他人）的标准参考植物群，然后在 1879 年之后被一系列针对小学生、学生或学术植物学家的专业植物群继承。哈特曼手册的轨迹整个十九世纪突出了瑞典植物出版物不断变化的条件。它提请注意作者身份作为一种科学职业工具，以及相反地，科学文本在 19 世纪上半叶出现的商业出版中的重要性。