Peru has become one of the most affected and infected countries by COVID-19. The expansion of the virus could not be contained by a complete lockdown and a state of emergency. In this article we discuss the principal conditions for the expansion of the new coronavirus in Peru and examine what part of the population is most affected and infected by the virus. We find that Peru’s role in the international division of labor, the country’s company structure, high levels of informality, and the general use of temporary contracts are the structural conditions on which the expansion of COVID-19 in Peru rests. This article shows that the laboring classes are the principally infected and affected by the new coronavirus. The Peruvian neoliberal development model has been responsible for the government’s limitation to implement measures according the country’s social and economic structure that might have contained the expansion of COVID-19.

秘鲁已成为受COVID-19感染和感染最严重的国家之一。完全锁定和紧急状态无法阻止病毒的扩展。在本文中，我们讨论了在秘鲁扩展新冠状病毒的主要条件，并研究了该病毒最受感染的部分人群。我们发现，秘鲁在国际劳动分工中的角色，该公司的公司结构，高度的非正式性以及临时合同的普遍使用是秘鲁扩大COVID-19的结构条件。本文显示，劳动阶层主要受到新冠状病毒的感染和影响。