The acute effects of cold-water endurance swimming on the respiratory system have received little attention. We investigated pulmonary responses to cold-water endurance swimming in healthy recreational triathletes. Pulmonary function, alveolar diffusing capacity (DL_CO), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE_NO) and arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO₂) were assessed in 19 healthy adults one hour before and 2.5 h after a cold-water (mean ± SD, 10 ± 0.9 °C) swim trial (62 ± 27 min). In addition, 12 out of the 19 participants measured pulmonary function, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) 3, 10, 20 and 45 min post-swim by maximal expiratory flow volume loops and DL_CO by the single breath technique. FVC and FEV₁ were significantly reduced 3 min post-swim (p = 0.02) (p = 0.04), respectively, and five of 12 participants (42%) experienced exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), defined as a ≥ 10% drop in FEV₁. No significant changes were observed in pulmonary function 2.5 h post-swim. However, mean FE_NO and DL_CO were significantly reduced by 7.1% and 8.1% (p = 0.01) and (p < 0.001), respectively, 2.5 h post-swim, accompanied by a 2.5% drop (p < 0.001) in SpO₂. The absolute change in DL_CO correlated significantly with the absolute decline in core temperature (r = 0.52; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Cold-water endurance swimming may affect the lungs in healthy recreational triathletes lasting up to 2.5 h post-swim. Some individuals appear to be more susceptible to pulmonary impairments than others, although these mechanisms need to be studied further.

中文翻译：

---

耐冷水游泳会影响健康成年人的肺功能吗？

耐冷水游泳对呼吸系统的急性影响很少受到关注。我们调查了健康休闲铁人三项运动员对冷水耐力游泳的肺部反应。在19名健康人的冷水前1小时和之后2.5小时对肺功能，肺泡弥散能力（D L _CO），呼出的一氧化氮（FE _NO）和动脉血氧饱和度进行了脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO ₂）评价。 ±SD，10±0.9°C）游泳试验（62±27分钟）。此外，这19名参与者中有12名在一秒钟内测量了肺功能，强制肺活量（FVC）和强制呼气量（FEV ₁）在游泳后3、10、20和45分钟通过最大呼气流量环和单次呼吸技术获得D L _CO。游泳后3分钟FVC和FEV ₁分别显着降低（p = 0.02）（p = 0.04），并且12名参与者中有5名（42％）经历了运动诱发的支气管狭窄（EIB），即下降≥10％在FEV _1中。游泳后2.5小时，肺功能未见明显变化。但是，平均FE _NO和D L _CO分别降低了7.1％和8.1％（p = 0.01）和（p游泳后2.5 h分别<0.001），同时SpO ₂下降2.5％（p <0.001）。D L _CO的绝对变化与核心温度的绝对下降显着相关（r = 0.52；p = 0.02）。结论：耐冷水游泳可能会影响健康的休闲铁人三项运动员的肺部，持续时间长达2.5小时。尽管这些机制有待进一步研究，但某些个体似乎比其他个体更易患肺部疾病。