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Impact of Self-Affirmation on Responses to Health Warning Messages: Does Consideration of Future Consequences Matter?
Health Communication ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 , DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1885773
Xiaoli Nan 1 , Irina Iles 2 , Zexin Ma 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Self-affirmation theory has inspired numerous studies that have tried to understand the effects of self-affirmation on defensive processing of threatening health messages and subsequent behavior. Despite the overall positive effects of self-affirmation, psychological processes through which self-affirmation exerts such impact remain unclear. We examined Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) as a potential moderator of the effects of self-affirmation on responses to graphic cigarette warning warnings, in an attempt to shed light on the psychological processes. We conducted an experimental study in which 925 African American smokers were instructed to self-affirm (or not) prior to viewing graphic cigarette warning labels. We found that smokers with stronger present time orientation (PTO) experienced higher defensive responses as measured by anger, perceived message manipulation, and message derogation, after viewing graphic cigarette warning labels; whereas smokers with stronger future time orientation (FTO) reported less message derogation. PTO interacted with self-affirmation in predicting defensive processing measures, such that self-affirmation reduced message derogation at lower levels of PTO and increased message derogation and perceived message manipulation at higher levels of PTO. Self-affirmation also had a conditional indirect effect on smoking intentions and intention to quit smoking through measures of defensive processing. We discuss implications of our study.



中文翻译:

自我肯定对健康警告信息反应的影响:对未来后果的考虑重要吗?

摘要

自我肯定理论激发了许多研究,这些研究试图了解自我肯定对威胁健康信息的防御性处理和后续行为的影响。尽管自我肯定具有总体积极影响,但自我肯定发挥这种影响的心理过程仍不清楚。我们研究了对未来后果的考虑(CFC)作为自我肯定对图形香烟警告警告反应的影响的潜在调节剂,以试图阐明心理过程。我们进行了一项实验研究,其中指示 925 名非裔美国吸烟者在查看图形香烟警告标签之前自我确认(或不确认)。我们发现,在查看图形香烟警告标签后,具有较强当前时间导向 (PTO) 的吸烟者经历了更高的防御反应,这些反应通过愤怒、感知信息操纵和信息贬损来衡量;而具有较强未来时间导向(FTO)的吸烟者报告的信息减损较少。PTO 在预测防御性处理措施时与自我肯定相互作用,因此自我肯定​​减少了较低级别的 PTO 的消息减损,并增加了较高级别的 PTO 的消息减损和感知的消息操纵。自我肯定还通过防御性处理措施对吸烟意图和戒烟意图产生有条件的间接影响。我们讨论了我们研究的意义。查看图形香烟警告标签后;而具有较强未来时间导向(FTO)的吸烟者报告的信息减损较少。PTO 在预测防御性处理措施时与自我肯定相互作用,因此自我肯定​​减少了较低级别的 PTO 的消息减损,并增加了较高级别的 PTO 的消息减损和感知的消息操纵。自我肯定还通过防御性处理措施对吸烟意图和戒烟意图产生有条件的间接影响。我们讨论了我们研究的意义。查看图形香烟警告标签后;而具有较强未来时间导向(FTO)的吸烟者报告的信息减损较少。PTO 在预测防御性处理措施时与自我肯定相互作用,因此自我肯定​​减少了较低级别的 PTO 的消息减损,并增加了较高级别的 PTO 的消息减损和感知的消息操纵。自我肯定还通过防御性处理措施对吸烟意图和戒烟意图产生有条件的间接影响。我们讨论了我们研究的意义。因此,自我肯定减少了 PTO 较低级别的信息减损,并增加了 PTO 较高级别的信息减损和感知信息操纵。自我肯定还通过防御性处理措施对吸烟意图和戒烟意图产生有条件的间接影响。我们讨论了我们研究的意义。因此,自我肯定减少了 PTO 较低级别的信息减损,并增加了 PTO 较高级别的信息减损和感知信息操纵。自我肯定还通过防御性处理措施对吸烟意图和戒烟意图产生有条件的间接影响。我们讨论了我们研究的意义。

更新日期:2021-02-11
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