Over the last two decades, interest in the free-surface behaviour of gravity-driven shallow turbulent flows has increased considerably. It is believed that observation of free-surface behaviour can provide useful information about the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow and enable remote retrieval of these characteristics to non-invasively and rapidly monitor river flows. At the current state the literature presents scattered knowledge and also exhibits non-uniformity in the terminology used. This paper is a review of the state-of-art of this area of research and was created with two objectives: to gather the information relevant to understand the linkages between the free-surface behaviour and underpinning hydrodynamic processes while using a uniform terminology, and to analyse the gaps in our knowledge of this critical topic.

在过去的二十年中，人们对重力驱动的浅湍流自由表面行为的兴趣大大增加。据信，对自由表面行为的观察可以提供有关流的水动力特性的有用信息，并能够远程检索这些特性，从而以非侵入性的方式快速监测河流的流量。在当前状态下，文献呈现的是分散的知识，并且在所使用的术语上也表现出不一致。本文是对这一研究领域的最新研究的回顾，它的创建有两个目标：使用统一的术语收集相关信息，以了解自由表面行为与基础流体力学过程之间的联系，以及分析我们在此关键主题方面的知识差距。