Abstract

Human gut microbiota contributes to host nutrition and metabolism, sustains intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, and modulates host immune system. The alterations in their composition lead to severe gut disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS). IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are gamut of chronic inflammatory disorders of gut, mediated by complex interrelations among genetic, environmental, and internal factors. IBD has debateable aetiology, however in recent years, exploring the central role of a tri-directional relationship between gut microbiota, mucosal immune system, and intestinal epithelium in pathogenesis is getting the most attention. Increasing incidences and early onset explains the exponential rise in IBD burden on health-care systems. Industrialization, hypersensitivity to allergens, lifestyle, hygiene hypothesis, loss of intestinal worms, and gut microbial composition, explains this shifted rise. Hitherto, the interventions modulating gut microbiota composition, microfluidics-based in vitro gastrointestinal models, non-allergic functional foods, nutraceuticals, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors are some of the futuristic approaches for the disease management.

摘要

人体肠道菌群有助于宿主的营养和代谢，维持肠道细胞的增殖和分化，并调节宿主的免疫系统。它们组成的改变会导致严重的肠道疾病，包括炎症性肠病（IBD）或炎症性肠综合症（IBS）。包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩氏病（CD）在内的IBD是肠道慢性炎症性疾病的范畴，由遗传，环境和内部因素之间的复杂相互关系介导。IBD具有可争议的病因，然而，近年来，探索肠道微生物群，粘膜免疫系统和肠上皮之间的三向关系在发病机理中的核心作用受到了最广泛的关注。发病率的增加和发病的提前解释了IBD对医疗保健系统的负担呈指数增长。工业化，对过敏原的过敏，生活方式，卫生假说，肠道蠕虫的丧失以及肠道微生物的组成，解释了这种转变的趋势。迄今为止，基于微流控的调节肠道菌群组成的干预措施体外胃肠道模型，非过敏性功能性食品，营养保健品和来自健康供体的粪便微生物菌群移植（FMT）是疾病管理的一些未来派方法。