Horizon picking is a fundamental and crucial step for seismic interpretation, but it remains a time-consuming task. Although various automatic methods have been developed to extract horizons in seismic images, most of them may fail to pick horizons across discontinuities such as faults and noise. To obtain more accurate horizons, we have developed a dynamic programming algorithm to efficiently refine manually or automatically extracted horizons so that they can more accurately track reflectors across discontinuities, follow consistent phases, and reveal more geologic details. In this method, we first compute an initial horizon using an automatic method, manual picking, or interpolation with several control points. The initial horizon may not be accurate, and it only needs to follow the general trend of the target horizon. Then, we extract a subvolume of amplitudes centered at the initial horizon and meanwhile flatten the subvolume according to the initial horizon. Finally, we use the dynamic programming to efficiently pick the globally optimal path that passes through the global maximum or minimum amplitudes in the subvolume. As a result, we are able to refine the initial horizon to a more accurate horizon that follows consistent amplitude peaks, troughs, or zero crossings. Because our method does not strictly depend on the initial horizon, we prefer to directly interpolate an initial horizon from a limited number of control points, which is computationally more efficient than automatically or manually picking an initial horizon. In addition, our method is convenient to interactively implement to update the horizon while editing or moving the control points. More importantly, these control points are not required to be exactly placed on the target horizon, which makes the human interaction highly convenient and efficient. We develop our method with multiple 2D and 3D field examples that are complicated by noise, faults, and salt bodies.

中文翻译：

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动态规划提取地震层

视线拾取是地震解释的基本和关键步骤，但仍然是一项耗时的任务。尽管已经开发了各种自动方法来提取地震图像中的地平线，但大多数方法可能无法跨断层（例如断层和噪声）拾取地平线。为了获得更准确的地层，我们开发了一种动态规划算法，可以有效地手动或自动提取地层，以使它们可以更准确地跟踪反射体的不连续性，遵循一致的相位并揭示更多的地质细节。在这种方法中，我们首先使用自动方法，手动拾取或带有多个控制点的插值来计算初始水平线。初始范围可能并不准确，仅需要遵循目标范围的总体趋势即可。然后，我们提取了一个以初始水平线为中心的振幅子体积，同时根据初始水平线将子体积展平。最后，我们使用动态编程来有效地选择通过子体积中全局最大或最小幅度的全局最优路径。结果，我们能够将初始水平范围细化为更精确的水平范围，该幅度范围遵循一致的振幅峰值，波谷或零交叉。因为我们的方法并不严格依赖于初始水平线，所以我们更喜欢直接从有限数量的控制点内插初始水平线，这在计算上比自动或手动选择初始水平线更有效。此外，我们的方法在编辑或移动控制点时方便交互地实现更新地平线。更重要的是，不需要将这些控制点准确地放置在目标视野上，这使得人机交互非常方便和高效。我们用多个2D和3D现场示例开发了我们的方法，这些示例由于噪声，故障和盐体而变得复杂。