The 2012/2013 Ningaloo Niño induced a strong marine heatwave (MHW) event on Australia's North West Shelf (NWS) during the austral summer, starting in December 2012 and peaking in January and February 2013. A high‐resolution regional numerical model based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) was implemented to simulate the variability of the upper ocean temperature and ocean circulation and understand the mechanisms that drive the evolution of the MHW. An upper ocean heat budget was used to quantify the roles of air‐sea heat flux and ocean circulation in the development of extreme temperature anomalies over the continental shelf. Results indicate that during December 2012 an increase of net air‐sea heat flux combined with positive horizontal advective heat flux anomaly led to development of the MHW. During the peak in January‐February 2013 high‐temperature anomalies were maintained by a combination of a decrease in negative heat advection and vertical mixing cooling and a decrease in net air‐sea flux warming. The delayed onset of the 2012–2013 Australian monsoon resulted in alongshore wind anomalies on the NWS which in turn caused the advection and mixing anomalies.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚西北大陆架上2013年海洋热浪的流体动力驱动器

2012/2013年NingalooNiño在南方夏季在澳大利亚的西北大陆架（NWS）上引发了强烈的海洋热浪（MHW）事件，该事件于2012年12月开始，并于2013年1月和2013年2月达到峰值。实施了区域海洋建模系统（ROMS）来模拟高海拔海洋温度和海洋环流的变化，并了解推动MHW演变的机制。较高的海洋热量预算用于量化海陆热通量和海洋环流在大陆架极端温度异常发展中的作用。结果表明，在2012年12月，海气净热通量的增加和水平对流热通量的正异常共同导致了MHW的发展。在2013年1月至2月的峰值期间，负热对流和垂直混合冷却的减少以及净海气通量的减少共同保持了高温异常。2012-2013年澳大利亚季风的延迟发作导致西北太平洋的近海风异常，进而导致对流和混合异常。