Algeria is a country rich in phytogenetic resources, especially those of pastoral and forage interest. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted to characterize Algerian local ecotypes. Recently, advances in next‐generation sequencing technologies have allowed for robust genotyping by sequencing (GBS) for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery, making the characterization of plant relationships with complex and unsequenced genomes more feasible. In the present study, we investigate the genetic diversity of cocksfoot and tall fescue ecotypes from different regions in Algeria, using the SNP variation supplied by a GBS analysis. We compared ecotypes to two common cultivars of both species. A total of 787 SNP markers for cocksfoot and 743 for tall fescue were obtained, and the diversity analysis revealed that 88% and 86% of overall variation in cocksfoot and tall fescue, respectively, were within populations rather than among them. Genetic structure analysis revealed a moderate genetic differentiation among accessions with a mean F_st value of 0.127 for cocksfoot and 0.140 for tall fescue, with high gene flow (Nm_Orchardgrass = 1.723, Nm_{Tall fescue} = 1.535) and no significant isolation‐by‐distance pattern. A unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean tree (UPGMA) and principal component analysis revealed the genetic distinctness of populations from cultivars for each species. The flow cytometry analysis confirmed the tetraploid level of cocksfoot and the hexaploid level of all tall fescue entries but one. Although the cocksfoot populations were distinct from the cultivars, the Ruines de djemila population had the broadest base and showed the closest relative relationship to the two cultivars. Similarly, the FE5729 tall fescue population showed the closest relationship to the two tall fescue cultivars.

中文翻译：

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阿尔及利亚人脚和高羊茅种群的分子表征：倍性水平测定和遗传多样性分析

阿尔及利亚是一个植物遗传资源丰富的国家，尤其是牧草和牧草资源。不幸的是，很少有研究描述阿尔及利亚当地的生态类型。近来，下一代测序技术的进步已允许通过测序（GBS）进行强大的基因分型，以发现单核苷酸多态性（SNP），使表征具有复杂和未测序基因组的植物关系更为可行。在本研究中，我们使用GBS分析提供的SNP变异调查了阿尔及利亚不同地区的鸡足和高羊茅生态型的遗传多样性。我们将生态型与两个物种的两个常见品种进行了比较。总共获得了787个用于赤脚的SNP标记和743个用于高羊茅的SNP标记，多样性分析显示，整个鸡足和高羊茅的总变异中，分别有88％和86％位于种群内，而不是种群之中。遗传结构分析表明，种质之间存在中等程度的遗传分化，平均˚F _ST的0.127为鸭茅和0.140为高羊茅值，具有高基因流（Nm_鸭茅 = 1.723，NM_高羊茅 = 1.535），并且没有明显的按距离隔离模式。采用算术平均树（UPGMA）和主成分分析的非加权对分组方法揭示了每个物种的栽培品种种群的遗传差异。流式细胞仪分析确认了所有高脚羊茅的四足水平和所有高羊茅的六倍水平。尽管鸡爪足种群与品种不同，但Ruines djemila种群的基数最广，并且与这两个品种的亲缘关系最密切。同样，FE5729高羊茅种群与两个高羊茅品种之间关系最密切。