Walk this way, fly that way: Goniozus jacintae attunes flight and foraging behaviour to leafroller host instar,Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

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Walk this way, fly that way: Goniozus jacintae attunes flight and foraging behaviour to leafroller host instar
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 , DOI: 10.1111/eea.13028
Emma Aspin _{1,

2} , Michael A. Keller ₁ , Maryam Yazdani _{1,

3} , Ian C.W. Hardy ₂

Affiliation

Parasitoids exhibit distinct behaviours while foraging for their herbivorous hosts. Some are specialised with respect to the host stage they can utilise and even the age of individuals within a single stage. Observing the behavioural response of parasitoids to hosts of varying age may provide more practical understanding of potential biocontrol agents. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted to test for host‐stage dependent foraging behaviour in Goniozus jacintae Farrugia (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a common but understudied parasitoid of the light brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which is a pest of grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), and other crops in Australia. Goniozus jacintae was already known to parasitise instars 3‐6 of LBAM, but most readily parasitises the later instars. Later instars are larger and have a higher rate of feeding, producing more faeces and silk deposits than earlier instars, and are likely to also produce more volatile cues that may be detected by parasitoids. We found that the timing, frequency, and duration of foraging behaviours of G. jacintae varied significantly among host instars. Flight duration was shortest when females were exposed to leaves infested by fifth instars. The profile of behaviours exhibited was different during pre‐ and post‐flight foraging, with the newly described slow walking behaviour only exhibited in close proximity to a potential host. These results contribute to the understanding of bethylid foraging, a relatively unexplored aspect of bethylid reproductive behaviour, and towards enhancing the efficacy of utilising G. jacintae in the control of leafroller pests.

中文翻译：

以这种方式走，以这种方式飞翔：茉莉花将飞行和觅食行为协调到卷叶虫寄主

寄生物在觅食其草食宿主时表现出不同的行为。有些是专门针对他们可以利用的宿主阶段，甚至单个阶段内的个体年龄。观察寄生虫对不同年龄宿主的行为反应可能会为潜在的生物防治剂提供更实际的了解。进行了风洞实验，以测试麻疯树（Hymenoptera：Bethylidae）的寄主阶段依赖的觅食行为，该种是浅棕苹果蛾（LBAM），Epi菜Epi（Walker）（鳞翅目：Tortricidae）的常见但未被研究的寄生虫。，是澳大利亚的葡萄，葡萄（Vitaceae）和其他农作物的害虫。茉莉花已知已经寄生了LBAM的3-6龄幼虫，但是最容易寄生于后期的幼龄幼虫。后期的幼虫比早期的幼虫更大，进食率更高，产生更多的粪便和丝状沉积物，并且还可能产生更多的寄生虫可能检测到的挥发性线索。我们发现，在寄主龄期中，茉莉花（G. jacintae）觅食行为的时间，频率和持续时间存在显着差异。当雌性暴露于五龄幼虫侵染的叶子时，飞行时间最短。飞行前和飞行后觅食期间表现出的行为特征有所不同，其中新描述的缓慢行走行为仅表现在潜在宿主附近。这些结果有助于了解甲壳动物的觅食行为，这是一种尚未被探索的甲壳动物生殖行为的方面，并有助于提高利用茉莉花甲虫（G. jacintae）防治卷叶害虫的功效。

更新日期：2021-03-22

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