Thiamine deficiency has been typically associated with alcoholism or as a prevalent problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) whose populations rely on staple foods with a low content of thiamine. We conducted a literature review of published and unpublished data to identify relevant adult cases with confirmed thiamine deficiency of nonalcoholic cause in developed countries. We selected 17 reports with 81 adult cases of confirmed thiamine deficiency affecting adult patients with a wide range of ages and underlying conditions (e.g., cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, heart failure, and obesity). Thiamine deficiency may have been caused by disease-related malnutrition, bariatric surgery, chronic use of diuretics, repeated vomiting, lack of thiamine in parenteral nutrition formulas, food insecurity, and reliance on monotonous or restrictive diets. Treatment with intravenous thiamine resulted in partial or complete recovery from the symptoms (cardiac, neurologic, and metabolic disorders) for most patients. The number and variety of symptomatic thiamine-deficient adults identified in this review demonstrates that thiamine deficiency is not exclusive to LMICs and, in high-income settings, is not exclusive to alcoholic patients. In developed countries, this serious but treatable condition can be expected in patients suffering from various medical conditions or following certain dietary patterns.

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与高收入国家饮酒无关的硫胺素缺乏症：文献综述

硫胺素缺乏症通常与酗酒有关，或者是低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC) 的普遍问题，这些国家的人口依赖硫胺素含量低的主食。我们对已发表和未发表的数据进行了文献回顾，以确定发达国家确诊为非酒精性硫胺素缺乏症的相关成人病例。我们选择了 17 份报告，其中包含 81 例确诊的硫胺素缺乏症成人病例，这些病例影响了各种年龄和潜在疾病（例如，癌症、胃肠疾病、心力衰竭和肥胖症）的成年患者。硫胺素缺乏可能是由疾病相关的营养不良、减肥手术、长期使用利尿剂、反复呕吐、肠外营养配方中缺乏硫胺素、粮食不安全、并依赖单调或限制性的饮食。大多数患者通过静脉注射硫胺素治疗可使症状（心脏、神经和代谢紊乱）部分或完全康复。本综述中确定的有症状的硫胺素缺乏成人的数量和种类表明，硫胺素缺乏症并非中低收入国家独有，在高收入环境中，也并非酒精患者独有。在发达国家，患有各种疾病或遵循某些饮食习惯的患者可能会出现这种严重但可治疗的疾病。本综述中确定的有症状的硫胺素缺乏成人的数量和种类表明，硫胺素缺乏症并非中低收入国家独有，在高收入环境中，也并非酒精患者独有。在发达国家，患有各种疾病或遵循某些饮食习惯的患者可能会出现这种严重但可治疗的疾病。本综述中确定的有症状的硫胺素缺乏成人的数量和种类表明，硫胺素缺乏症并非中低收入国家独有，在高收入环境中，也并非酒精患者独有。在发达国家，患有各种疾病或遵循某些饮食习惯的患者可能会出现这种严重但可治疗的疾病。