Obesity and the corresponding burden of related diseases is a major public health issue worldwide that is reaching pandemic proportions. Bariatric surgery is the only intervention that has been shown to result in substantial and lasting weight loss, and a decrease in overall mortality for patients with severe obesity. Consequently, the population of patients having undergone this procedure is increasing. Multifactorial weight-dependent and independent mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases could also drive preventable, but potentially life-threatening, long-term nutritional complications. However, given post-bariatric patients are prone to functional gastrointestinal symptoms and substantial weight loss, nutritional complications might be challenging. This Review is focused on the prevention and treatment of nutritional complications after bariatric surgery in the clinical setting.

肥胖症和相关疾病的相应负担是世界范围内的主要公共卫生问题，正在达到大流行的程度。减肥手术是唯一已显示可导致重大且持久的体重减轻以及严重肥胖患者总体死亡率降低的干预措施。因此，经历了该过程的患者人数正在增加。代谢疾病的多因素体重依赖性和独立机制也可能引发可预防但可能危及生命的长期营养并发症。然而，鉴于重症患者容易出现胃肠道功能症状和大量体重减轻，因此营养并发症可能具有挑战性。