ABSTRACT This study examines the nature and magnitude of the direct and spillover effects of transport investment and innovation expenditures on the economic growth and social development of the 26 states and the Federal District of Brazil. A novel two-equation spatial econometric model is estimated and reveals five paradoxical (unexpected) outcomes in the relationships between economic development, social development, innovation and transport investment. These paradoxes in some cases reflect spatial competition and in others negative spillovers or self-reinforcing trends in innovation and social investment.

中文翻译：

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巴西创新和运输的空间溢出效应

摘要这项研究研究了运输投资和创新支出对巴西26个州和巴西联邦区的经济增长和社会发展的直接影响和溢出影响的性质和大小。估计了一个新颖的两方程式空间计量经济模型，该模型揭示了经济发展，社会发展，创新与运输投资之间的关系中的五个矛盾（未预期）结果。这些悖论在某些情况下反映了空间竞争，而在另一些情况下则反映了创新和社会投资中的负面溢出或自我强化的趋势。