The Ubaid cultural phenomena (6500–4200 BC) of southern Mesopotamia has been used to characterise other archaeological sites in the Arabian Gulf region. The aim of this inquiry is to explore the nature of the interaction between the homeland of the Ubaid and the wider Gulf region. Through the use of a non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer, this study seeks to characterise and identify the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the ceramic assemblage from the Bahra 1 site of the As-Sabbiya region, Kuwait. The chemical results demonstrated that a combination of six trace elements [rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb) and barium (Ba)] occur significantly enough to delineate clay-based artifact groups – local red coarse from Ubaid, while the mineralogical analysis confirms the pXRF result and identifies the source of the raw materials and temper as well. Also, the comparison between the Ubaid and Bronze Age assemblage results suggests that potters used different clay resources within their own regions and/or production techniques.

中文翻译：

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使用非破坏性便携式 X 射线荧光 (pXRF) 光谱仪和岩相分析对来自科威特阿萨比亚的 Ubaid 时期陶瓷进行表征研究

美索不达米亚南部的 Ubaid 文化现象（公元前 6500-4200 年）已被用来表征阿拉伯湾地区的其他考古遗址。这项调查的目的是探索 Ubaid 的故乡与更广泛的海湾地区之间相互作用的性质。通过使用非破坏性便携式 X 射线荧光 (pXRF) 光谱仪，本研究旨在表征和鉴定来自科威特 As-Sabbiya 地区 Bahra 1 遗址的陶瓷组合的化学和矿物组成。化学结果表明，六种微量元素 [铷 (Rb)、锶 (Sr)、钇 (Y)、锆 (Zr)、铌 (Nb) 和钡 (Ba)] 的组合显着地出现，足以描绘粘土基神器组 - 来自 Ubaid 的本地红粗，而矿物学分析证实了 pXRF 结果，并确定了原材料和回火的来源。此外，Ubaid 和青铜时代组合结果之间的比较表明，陶艺家在他们自己的地区和/或生产技术中使用了不同的粘土资源。