The natural sciences of the early and mid-sixteenth century are characterised, on the one hand, by a thorough study of ancient texts that were partly re-discovered and often translated for the first time from Greek into Latin; and on the other hand, by the diligent observation of natural phenomena and objects. These two sources of knowledge – the ancient texts and the observation of nature – were at times hard to combine. Be it, that there was no word to describe a newly found phenomenon or object, or that there was an item mentioned in an ancient text that had become unknown. Moreover, the inherited texts often conflicted with new observations that proved the ancient sources to be incomplete or simply wrong. Georgius Agricola’s dialogue Bermannus on mining and minerals (res metallica) provides an insight into how these challenges were perceived and addressed in the first half of the sixteenth century.1 After a short overview of Agricola’s life and the content of the Bermannus, this article will discuss the problem of connecting res and verba that was perceived, as Agricola’s introduction to the dialogue shows, as a crucial challenge of early modern medicine, and motivated Agricola to write the Bermannus. While this difficulty was also addressed by other authors and in a variety of disciplines, it is a special feature of the Bermannus that it does not only deal with Latin, Greek, and Arabic words, but also with a (mostly oral) German terminology of mining operations and minerals. Although this is not highlighted by Agricola and his contemporary readers, it is Agricola’s rendering of German terms into Latin that is most inventive and peculiar. This article therefore focusses on different strategies used by Agricola as he tried to translate German terms into Latin while retaining the concepts behind them.

中文翻译：

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名称和事物：Georgius Agricola 的 Bermannus 中的拉丁语和德语采矿术语

一方面，16 世纪早期和中期自然科学的特点是对部分重新发现并经常首次从希腊语翻译成拉丁语的古代文本进行透彻的研究；另一方面，通过对自然现象和物体的勤奋观察。这两种知识来源——古代文本和对自然的观察——有时很难结合起来。无论是没有词来描述新发现的现象或物体，还是在古代文本中提到了一个不为人知的项目。此外，继承的文本经常与新的观察相冲突，这些观察证明古代来源不完整或完全错误。Georgius Agricola 关于采矿和矿物的对话 Bermannus (res metala) 提供了对 16 世纪上半叶如何看待和解决这些挑战的见解。 1 在简要概述 Agricola 的生平和 Bermannus 的内容之后，本文将讨论连接 res 和 verba 的问题，正如 Agricola 对对话的介绍所显示的那样，这是早期现代医学的一个关键挑战，并促使 Agricola 撰写了《伯曼努斯》。虽然其他作者和各种学科也解决了这个困难，但 Bermannus 的一个特殊之处在于它不仅处理拉丁语、希腊语和阿拉伯语单词，而且还处理（主要是口头的）德语术语采矿作业和矿产。尽管 Agricola 和他同时代的读者没有强调这一点，但 Agricola 将德语术语翻译成拉丁语是最具创造性和奇特的。因此，本文重点介绍 Agricola 使用的不同策略，因为他试图将德语术语翻译成拉丁语，同时保留其背后的概念。