There is a deep tension limning the experience of Jews, Jewry, and Judaism in America and their relation to the Old World. One side of this tension—perhaps ambivalence—is the depth of the immigrants’ uprooting, the degree to which they rejected the alte haym (old home). Few voluntary migrations in the modern world were as decisive, the disowning they implied so conclusive. The demographics of the migration, including the proportion of people who migrated versus those who stayed, the rapidity of their coalescence into a mass-migration movement, and that movement’s unidirectionality, indicate an overwhelming rejection of the old country. From the late nineteenth century to the 1920s, fully one-third of Eastern European Jews evacuated their countries of birth. The uprooting was thorough and systematic: a large majority of the Jewish immigrants had their way paid by relatives who had already settled in America. The intention was patent: no family member should remain behind. And indeed, an unusually large share of Jewish immigrants never looked back. While at least 30 percent of most (non-Jewish) immigrants returned to their homelands, the rate of return among Jews was a minuscule 7 percent, and even that was until the outbreak of World War I, which practically stopped return migration.1 Strictly, “no return” may have been mythical, but it was certainly a dominant state of mind. Jewish immigrants to America conclusively and emphatically turned their backs on the countries they left.2

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响应地图上的美国：Hasidim、Mitnagdim 和跨大西洋宗教权威社交网络

犹太人、犹太人和犹太教在美国的经历以及他们与旧世界的关系存在一种深深的紧张感。这种紧张关系的一方面——也许是矛盾的——是移民背井离乡的深度，他们拒绝alte haym（老房子）的程度。现代世界中很少有自愿移民如此具有决定性，它们所暗示的否认如此具有决定性。迁移人口统计数据，包括迁移人口与留下人口的比例、他们合并为大规模迁移运动的速度以及该运动的单向性，表明对旧国家的压倒性拒绝。从 19 世纪末到 1920 年代，整整三分之一的东欧犹太人撤离了他们的出生国。连根拔起是彻底和系统的：大多数犹太移民的生活费是由已经在美国定居的亲戚支付的。意图是专利：任何家庭成员都不应该留下。事实上，异常多的犹太移民从未回头。虽然大多数（非犹太人）移民中至少有 30% 返回了他们的家园，但犹太人的返回率只有 7%，即使是在第一次世界大战爆发之前，这几乎停止了返回移民。 1 严格来说，“不归路”可能是神话，但它肯定是一种占主导地位的心态。来到美国的犹太移民最终并坚决地背弃了他们离开的国家。 2 异常多的犹太移民从未回头。虽然大多数（非犹太人）移民中至少有 30% 返回了他们的家园，但犹太人的返回率只有 7%，即使是在第一次世界大战爆发之前，这几乎停止了返回移民。 1 严格来说，“不归路”可能是神话，但它肯定是一种占主导地位的心态。来到美国的犹太移民最终并坚决地背弃了他们离开的国家。 2 异常多的犹太移民从未回头。虽然大多数（非犹太人）移民中至少有 30% 返回了他们的家园，但犹太人的返回率只有 7%，即使是在第一次世界大战爆发之前，这几乎停止了返回移民。 1 严格来说，“不归路”可能是神话，但它肯定是一种占主导地位的心态。来到美国的犹太移民最终并坚决地背弃了他们离开的国家。 2 但这肯定是一种占主导地位的心态。来到美国的犹太移民最终并坚决地背弃了他们离开的国家。 2 但这肯定是一种占主导地位的心态。来到美国的犹太移民最终并坚决地背弃了他们离开的国家。 2