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A Home between Death and Life: Mausoleums as Liminal Spaces of Memory for Classical Reform Jews of Temple Emanu-El, 1890–1945
American Jewish History ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/ajh.2017.0025
Sophia C. Lufkin

In early twentieth-century New York City, members of the Classical Reform Temple Emanu-El led lives of splendor.1 They lived in stately townhouses in Manhattan and worshipped at their cathedral-like, jewelbox synagogue at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 65th Street on New York’s Upper East Side.2 When they died, members were buried a few miles away at the temple’s Brooklyn cemetery, Salem Fields. In death, these families transitioned from worldly homes of high taste to equally exquisite deathly homes: luxurious family mausoleums, which were made of marble, mosaics, and stained glass; and furnished with lounges, tables, and Persian rugs. Salem Fields Cemetery stands today as a rich repository of memorial art, including about six hundred of these family mausoleums, which date roughly from 1890 to 1945.3 Each is a record of social status, artistic taste, and family memory. The mausoleums of Salem Fields are liminal spaces, standing at the intersection of several spheres of transition, identity, and culture: life and death, home and temple, and what it meant to be German-American, Jewish, and Classical Reform. Salem Fields was designed as a landscape of repose, with rolling hills, flowers, and trees. It was part of the “garden cemetery” movement, a trend in nineteenth-century American burial practices in which new cemeteries were built outside city limits. Many of these new cemeteries were beautifully landscaped and, like public parks, they served as havens from city life. For many people, including Jews and Christians alike,

中文翻译:

生与死之间的家园:陵墓作为 Emanu-El 神庙古典改革犹太人记忆的阈限空间,1890-1945

在 20 世纪早期的纽约市,古典改革神殿 Emanu-El 的成员过着辉煌的生活。 1 他们住在曼哈顿庄严的联排别墅中,并在第五大道和 65 街拐角处的教堂式珠宝盒式犹太教堂敬拜在纽约上东区。2 当他们去世时,成员被埋葬在几英里外的寺庙布鲁克林公墓塞勒姆菲尔德。在死亡时,这些家庭从高品位的世俗家园过渡到同样精致的死亡家园:豪华的家族陵墓,由大理石、马赛克和彩色玻璃制成;并配有休息室、桌子和波斯地毯。塞勒姆菲尔兹公墓今天是一个丰富的纪念艺术宝库,其中包括大约 600 座此类家族陵墓,其历史可追溯至 1890 年至 1945 年。3 每一座都记录了社会地位,艺术品味,和家庭记忆。塞勒姆菲尔德的陵墓是界限空间,位于几个过渡、身份和文化领域的交叉点:生与死、家庭和寺庙,以及它对德裔美国人、犹太人和古典改革的意义。塞勒姆田野被设计为一处宁静的景观,拥有连绵起伏的丘陵、鲜花和树木。它是“花园墓地”运动的一部分,这是 19 世纪美国墓地实践的一种趋势,其中新墓地建在城市范围之外。这些新墓地中有许多风景优美,就像公园一样,是远离城市生活的避风港。对于许多人,包括犹太人和基督徒,生与死,家与庙宇,以及德裔美国人、犹太人和古典改革派的意义。塞勒姆田野被设计为一处宁静的景观,拥有连绵起伏的丘陵、鲜花和树木。它是“花园墓地”运动的一部分,这是 19 世纪美国墓地实践的一种趋势,其中新墓地建在城市范围之外。这些新墓地中有许多风景优美,就像公园一样,是远离城市生活的避风港。对于许多人,包括犹太人和基督徒,生与死,家与庙宇,以及德裔美国人、犹太人和古典改革派的意义。塞勒姆田野被设计为一处宁静的景观,拥有连绵起伏的丘陵、鲜花和树木。它是“花园墓地”运动的一部分,这是 19 世纪美国墓地实践的一种趋势,其中新墓地建在城市范围之外。这些新墓地中有许多风景优美,就像公园一样,是远离城市生活的避风港。对于许多人,包括犹太人和基督徒,19 世纪美国墓葬实践的一种趋势,即在城市范围之外建造新的墓地。这些新墓地中有许多风景优美,就像公园一样,是远离城市生活的避风港。对于许多人,包括犹太人和基督徒,19 世纪美国墓葬实践的一种趋势,即在城市范围之外建造新的墓地。这些新墓地中有许多风景优美,就像公园一样,它们是城市生活的避风港。对于许多人,包括犹太人和基督徒,
更新日期:2017-01-01
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