The role and embodiment of the designer/artist in making publics is significant. This special issue draws attention to reflexive practices in Art & Design, and questions how these practices are embedded in the formations and operations of publics, grounded in six cases of participatory design conducted in the United States, India, Turkey, England, Denmark, and Belgium. From these design practices, typologies of participation are formulated that describe the role of the designer. These typologies describe different and sometimes conflicting epistemologies—providing designers with a vocabulary to communicate a diversity of participatory settings and supporting reflexive practices.

中文翻译：

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挑衅、冲突和挪用：设计师在公开中的作用

设计师/艺术家在公众中的作用和体现是重要的。本期特刊关注艺术与设计中的反思性实践，并以在美国、印度、土耳其、英国、丹麦和英国进行的六个参与式设计案例为基础，质疑这些实践如何嵌入到公众的形成和运作中。比利时。从这些设计实践中，形成了描述设计师角色的参与类型。这些类型学描述了不同的、有时是相互冲突的认识论——为设计师提供了一个词汇来交流参与设置的多样性和支持反思性实践。