This article explores the nature of conceptual models for designing service participation. Conceptual models are both a representation and a hypothesis, dialectically creating conditions of participation. I first study the nature of a conceptual model and then explore the four arts with focus on the notion of form. Each art reveals a mode of thought regarding the form of the participatory whole: grammatical model of coproduction, rhetorical model of argumentation, poetic model of experience, and dialectic model of commitment. Along with the arts, I present case studies of four distinctive conceptual models that have been used to design for participation.

中文翻译：

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服务永不过时：用概念模型培养持续参与

本文探讨了设计服务参与的概念模型的性质。概念模型既是表征又是假设，辩证地创造了参与条件。我首先研究概念模型的本质，然后以形式的概念为重点探索四种艺术。每一种艺术都揭示了一种关于参与整体形式的思维模式：共同生产的语法模式、论证的修辞模式、经验的诗意模式和承诺的辩证模式。除了艺术之外，我还介绍了四个用于参与设计的独特概念模型的案例研究。