Interior design is a neglected practice within the broader framework of design theory. Indeed, it is often misunderstood by the general public and sometimes regarded problematically among better-recognized design practices such as graphic design, industrial design, interaction design, and service design. However, with careful attention to the central themes of interior design, one may gain a new perspective on the nature of design itself and the unfolding development of design thinking from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. Foremost among these themes is the transformation of the surrounding physical conditions of our lives into environments for human action and experience. This theme is explored through the creative matrix of the four orders of design, reflecting a shifting focus from place, space, and action to interiors of the mind. Interior design is an interesting and perhaps surprising example of fourth order design, where dialectical humanism plays a central role as an organizing theme for the great diversity of fourth order projects in the twenty-first century.

中文翻译：

---

四阶设计中的环境和环境

在更广泛的设计理论框架内，室内设计是一种被忽视的实践。事实上，它经常被公众误解，有时在平面设计、工业设计、交互设计和服务设计等更广为人知的设计实践中被认为是有问题的。然而，仔细关注室内设计的中心主题，人们可能会对设计本身的本质以及从 19 世纪末到 21 世纪设计思维的发展有一个新的认识。这些主题中最重要的是将我们生活的周围物理条件转变为人类行动和体验的环境。这个主题是通过四个设计顺序的创意矩阵来探索的，反映了从地点、空间、和内心的行动。室内设计是四阶设计的一个有趣且可能令人惊讶的例子，其中辩证人文主义作为 21 世纪四阶项目多样性的组织主题发挥着核心作用。