Even though after the October Revolution in 1917 the Bolsheviks enjoyed uninterrupted power and pursued radical secularist objectives, the majority of female monastic communities in Nizhnii Novgorod province were able to survive much longer than their counterparts in the French and Mexican Revolutions. Using the Convent of the Exaltation of the Cross as a case study, this article shows how—despite extremely challenging conditions and the hostility of the Soviet state—female monastic communities proved to be remarkably resilient and managed to exploit openings created by both the Bolsheviks’ strategy for subverting them and conflicts between Soviet authorities. The resiliency of the community at the Convent of the Exaltation of the Cross stemmed from the solidarity, flexibility, and leadership skills it cultivated prior to World War I through the combination of its religious character and practices and its communal organization. By the early 1920s, the community had adapted effectively to post-civil war Soviet urban conditions and was able to survive local attempts to dissolve it. But by the late 1920s, the survival of the community had become intolerable for Soviet authorities, who—like the revolutionary regimes in France and Mexico—ultimately resorted to compulsory means to “liquidate” the community between 1927 and 1935.

中文翻译：

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革命时期的女性修道主义：1917-1935 年的下诺夫哥罗德十字架提升修道院

即使在 1917 年十月革命之后，布尔什维克享有不间断的权力并追求激进的世俗主义目标，但下诺夫哥罗德省的大多数女性修道院社区能够比法国和墨西哥革命中的同龄人生存更长的时间。本文以十字架提升修道院为案例研究，展示了女性修道院社区如何被证明是非常有弹性的，并设法利用布尔什维克双方创造的空缺。颠覆他们的战略和苏联当局之间的冲突。十字架提升修道院社区的弹性源于团结、灵活、它在第一次世界大战前通过结合其宗教特征和实践及其社区组织而培养的领导技能。到 1920 年代初期，该社区已经有效地适应了内战后苏联的城市条件，并且能够在当地试图解散它的情况下幸存下来。但到了 1920 年代后期，社区的生存对苏联当局来说已经变得无法容忍，他们——就像法国和墨西哥的革命政权一样——最终在 1927 年至 1935 年间诉诸强制手段来“清算”社区。