Gender in the European Neolithic has seen little debate, despite major scholarly interest in identity and social relationships. This article considers how gender operated in the Linearbandkeramik (LBK, c. 5500–5000 cal. bc), the first farming culture of central Europe. A new theoretical approach is developed from the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari, and the feminist philosopher Braidotti, proposing that how difference and variation are conceived is an important element in how identity is experienced and performed. The concept of ‘difference-within-itself’ is introduced and applied to an assemblage of c. 2350 burials from the LBK via correspondence analysis. The results of this analysis are combined with variation in daily activities and health between male-sexed bodies and female-sexed bodies to argue that differences between males and females shaped lifeways in the LBK, providing different and varied ways of participating in social life. It is concluded that there was diversity and fluidity in female identities, while male identities had more limited possibilities and were subject to further social constraints. The implications of these gendered differences for models of LBK social organization are then considered.

中文翻译：

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以不同的方式思考性别：中欧新石器时代身份差异的新方法

尽管学术界对身份和社会关系很感兴趣，但欧洲新石器时代的性别问题却鲜有争论。本文探讨了性别如何在线性带科拉米克（LBK，C。5500–5000 卡。公元前)，中欧最早的农耕文化。从德勒兹和加塔里的哲学以及女权主义哲学家布莱多蒂的哲学中发展出一种新的理论方法，提出如何构思差异和变异是身份被体验和表现的重要因素。引入了“自身差异”的概念并将其应用于C。通过对应分析来自 LBK 的 2350 个墓葬。该分析的结果与男性和女性在日常活动和健康方面的差异相结合，认为男性和女性之间的差异塑造了 LBK 的生活方式，提供了参与社会生活的不同和多样的方式。得出的结论是，女性身份存在多样性和流动性，而男性身份的可能性更为有限，并受到进一步的社会约束。然后考虑这些性别差异对 LBK 社会组织模型的影响。