We empirically examine the effect of two measures of culture, the World Values Survey and Hofstede's six dimensions, on three measures of corruption, Transparency International's CPI, the International Country Risk Guide, and the World Bank's Corruption Index. By adopting three measures of corruption and using a large data set covering many countries over many years, we offer more robust results as to the effects of aspects of culture on corruption. Using the World Values Survey, we find that Trust in society, Control over one's destiny and Respect for others decrease corruption while Obedience increases corruption. We find strong evidence that societies characterized by high Power Distance and Masculinity are more corrupt. Some evidence is found to indicate Long Term Orientation, Indulgence, and Individualism have a negative effect on corruption. The effect of Uncertainty Avoidance on corruption is unclear. The results have implications for international business leaders as well as policy makers.

中文翻译：

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文化对腐败影响的非代理实证研究

我们实证检验了两种文化衡量标准、世界价值观调查和霍夫斯泰德的六个维度对腐败的三种衡量标准、透明国际的 CPI、国际国家风险指南和世界银行的腐败指数的影响。通过采用三种腐败衡量标准并使用涵盖多个国家多年的大型数据集，我们提供了关于文化方面对腐败的影响的更可靠的结果。使用世界价值观调查，我们发现信任社会、控制自己的命运和尊重他人会减少腐败，而服从会增加腐败。我们发现强有力的证据表明，以高权力距离和男子气概为特征的社会更加腐败。发现一些证据表明长期取向、放纵、个人主义对腐败有负面影响。不确定性规避对腐败的影响尚不清楚。结果对国际商界领袖和政策制定者都有影响。