This article analyses the role of deviations from higher level collective agreements adopted in firm-level bargaining to regain higher labour mobility, net positive employment effects and a resurgence of labour productivity. Using Italian firm level data, after performing preliminary pooled ordinary least squares and fixed effects estimates, we adopt a difference-in-difference approach combined with a propensity score matching. All the estimations show that opting out clauses notably increases both hiring and separations, but without significant variations in terms of net employment. In addition, no significant labour productivity gains are obtained. The only significant change concerns the increase in the share of temporary workers.

中文翻译：

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选择退出、集体合同和劳动力灵活性：意大利案例的企业级证据

本文分析了在公司层面的谈判中背离更高层面集体协议的作用，以重新获得更高的劳动力流动性、净积极就业效应和劳动生产率的复苏。使用意大利公司层面的数据，在执行初步合并普通最小二乘法和固定效应估计之后，我们采用差值法结合倾向得分匹配。所有估计都表明，选择退出条款显着增加了招聘和离职，但在净就业方面没有显着变化。此外，也没有获得显着的劳动生产率提高。唯一的重大变化涉及临时工比例的增加。