The career landscape for doctoral and postdoctoral trainees has significantly changed in recent decades. There is now an oversupply of PhD graduates in the science and engineering fields relative to the availability of academic positions, and jobs outside of academia have now become the norm. Doctoral training programmes have failed to keep pace with this change, and many trainees who are forced to rethink academic career aspirations feel unprepared for today’s job market. Intertwined with this are challenges associated with life stage and school-to-work transition, which make the career development issues facing doctoral and postdoctoral trainees unique and complex. The aim of this article is to shed light on these issues and to examine them through the lens of career development theories. Social cognitive career theory offers insight into the factors that influence career development in doctoral and postdoctoral trainees, and narrative career counselling can serve as a valuable intervention for this population to help shape their future career, whether within or outside of academia.

中文翻译：

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加拿大博士生和博士后的职业发展

近几十年来，博士和博士后学员的职业前景发生了重大变化。相对于学术职位的可用性，现在科学和工程领域的博士毕业生供过于求，学术界以外的工作现已成为常态。博士培训项目未能跟上这种变化，许多被迫重新考虑学术职业抱负的学员对当今的就业市场感到措手不及。与此交织在一起的是与生命阶段和学校到工作过渡相关的挑战，这使得博士和博士后培训生面临的职业发展问题独特而复杂。本文的目的是阐明这些问题，并通过职业发展理论的视角来检验它们。