Nishimura Masanari argued that the construction of enclosed-type levees caused the water level of the Red River to rise in seventeenth-century northern Vietnam, and he suggested that this phenomenon triggered social changes that brought about the establishment of Vietnamese “traditional society,” represented by the autonomous villages of the Red River Delta. Nishimura’s archaeological discussion of the transition from horseshoe-shaped levees to enclosed-type levees suggests new ways of studying socioeconomic change in early modern Vietnam. This article examines the utilization of the dry riverbed area of the Red River near Hanoi and tracks changes in the position of the levee near the neighboring villages of Bat Trang and Kim Lan from the seventeenth century onward. The article shows that Nishimura’s argument concerning the levee network makes it possible to locate the establishment of early modern Vietnamese society in the “Age of Commerce.”

中文翻译：

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近代早期红河三角洲的国际陶瓷贸易与社会变迁

Nishimura Masanari认为，封闭式堤坝的建设导致越南北部17世纪红河的水位上升，他建议这种现象引发了社会变革，带来了越南“传统社会”的建立。由红河三角洲的自治村庄组成。西村的考古学讨论涉及从马蹄形的堤坝到封闭式堤坝的过渡，这为研究越南早期近代社会经济变化提供了新的方法。本文研究了河内附近红河干河床地区的利用情况，并跟踪了17世纪以后蝙蝠庄和金兰附近村庄附近的堤防位置变化。