Regional development in Ireland has historically been unbalanced. Although the original causes were linked to the activities of colonial administration, it is partly due to a structural failure of regional planning. The institutional structures in general have been historically centralised and disaggregated and, up to the 2000s, the planning institutions and legislative arrangements were underdeveloped. Back in the 1990s there was no national planning policy (see Table 1). We adopted very much a business-as-usual model. There was no regional planning in a spatial sense. The Planning and Development Act of 1963 was a relatively modest piece of legislation. There were very few EU directives impacting directly upon planning, the first one being the Environmental Impact Assessment, which came into force in the 1980s. The main focus at this time was on economic concerns. We had just one statutory planning guideline. Ireland had a total of eightyeight planning authorities for 3.7 million people and one national planning authority, An Bord Pleanála. There were very few judicial reviews of planning decisions. A lot has changed since the 1990s. The first officially adopted national spatial planning policy was launched in 2002 in the form of the National Spatial Strategy. Since 2008 we have a National Planning Framework (NPF), directly linked to a capital investment plan – the Department of Finance and the Department of Housing, Planning and

中文翻译：

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爱尔兰区域规划的结构性失败：简介

爱尔兰的区域发展历来是不平衡的。尽管最初的原因与殖民行政活动有关，但部分原因是区域规划的结构性失败。总体上，体制结构历来是集中和分散的，直到2000年代，规划机构和立法安排还不够完善。早在1990年代，还没有国家规划政策（见表1）。我们非常采用“一切照旧”模式。在空间意义上没有区域规划。1963年的《规划与发展法案》是一项相对温和的立法。很少有直接影响规划的欧盟指令，第一个是环境影响评估，该评估于1980年代生效。此时的主要重点是经济问题。我们只有一项法定规划指南。爱尔兰共有88个规划机构，可容纳370万人，还有一个国家规划机构An BordPleanála。对规划决策的司法审查很少。自1990年代以来，发生了许多变化。第一项正式采用的国家空间规划政策于2002年以“国家空间战略”的形式启动。自2008年以来，我们已经建立了与资本投资计划直接相关的国家计划框架（NPF）-财务部，住房，计划和财政部 对规划决策的司法审查很少。自1990年代以来，发生了许多变化。第一项正式采用的国家空间规划政策于2002年以“国家空间战略”的形式启动。自2008年以来，我们已经建立了与资本投资计划直接相关的国家计划框架（NPF）-财务部，住房，计划和财政部 对规划决策的司法审查很少。自1990年代以来，发生了许多变化。第一项正式采用的国家空间规划政策于2002年以“国家空间战略”的形式启动。自2008年以来，我们已经建立了与资本投资计划直接相关的国家计划框架（NPF）-财务部，住房，计划和财政部