ABSTRACT This article highlights the importance of the Statute of Westminster I in the history of the concept of punitive or exemplary damages in the Anglo-American legal tradition. Maitland had long ago noted that its provisions allowing for double and triple reparation had similarities to duplum and triplum remedies in Roman law. But this tentative hypothesis has not been further explored by scholars. In this article I suggest that the antecedents for the provisions on multiple reparation in Westminster I may lie in the Roman law delicts of furtum or iniuria and their links to actions in duplum and triplum, based on conceptual similarities in the substantive nature of the wrongdoing. This article explores possible avenues for direct Roman law influence as well as indirect means of transmission, namely by non-Roman law sources of concepts analogous to Roman law.

中文翻译：

---

惩罚性或示范性损害赔偿的 13 世纪起源：威斯敏斯特一世规约 (1275) 和罗马法

摘要 本文强调了威斯敏斯特一世规约在英美法律传统中惩罚性或惩戒性损害赔偿概念的历史中的重要性。梅特兰很久以前就指出，其允许双重和三重赔偿的条款与罗马法中的双重和三重赔偿有相似之处。但这一初步假设并未被学者进一步探讨。在这篇文章中，我建议威斯敏斯特一案中关于多重赔偿的条款的前因可能在于罗马法中的 furtum 或 iniuria 不法行为及其与 duplum 和 triplum 中的诉讼的联系，基于不法行为的实质性质的概念相似性。本文探讨了直接影响罗马法的可能途径以及间接传播方式，