ABSTRACT This article outlines how a cyclic process of reflection and action was strengthened by the role of an external critical friend in a collaborative self-study. As three teacher education practitioners, two of us participated in the collaborative self-study, acting as internal critical friends to each other, while the third added an external layer of criticality. We both coached the university football team through one playing season: planning, coaching and reflecting collaboratively. Examination of the collaborative self-study identified two essential elements that supported our learning. The collaborative self-study was supported by a cyclic process of reflection, planning and action, and this foundational layer with review and deliberation to support the critical reflection contributed to learning and practices, both as coaches and as teacher education practitioners. A second layer of collaboration, in conjunction with an external critical friend, added to the depth of critique. While the role of critical friend is not new to self-study, analysis of data from both layers of critical friendships is useful in exploiting the structures and methods used throughout the study to contribute to individual and collaborative learning. This article presents the intricate details of the modus operandi – the repetitive cycle of action and reflection at the foundational layer, and the additional review and deliberation with an external critical friend in the second layer.

中文翻译：

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支持合作自学：内部和外部关键友谊的探索

摘要本文概述了外部关键朋友在协作式自学中的作用如何增强了反思和行动的循环过程。作为三位教师教育从业者，我们两个人参加了协作式自学，彼此充当了内部批判性朋友，而第三人则增加了外部性。我们俩都在一个赛季中为大学橄榄球队提供了教练：计划，教练和协作反思。协作式自学考试确定了支持我们学习的两个基本要素。协作式自学得到了反思，计划和行动的循环过程的支持，这一基础层进行了审查和审议，以支持关键的反思，从而促进了学习和实践，无论是作为教练还是作为教师教育从业人员。与外部关键朋友一起进行的第二层协作增加了批评的深度。虽然关键朋友的角色对于自学并不陌生，但对关键友谊两层数据的分析对于利用整个研究中使用的结构和方法有助于个人学习和协作学习很有用。本文介绍了操作方法的复杂细节-在基础层的重复动作和反思循环，以及在第二层与外部关键朋友的其他审查和审议。虽然关键朋友的角色对于自学并不陌生，但对关键友谊两层数据的分析对于利用整个研究中使用的结构和方法有助于个人学习和协作学习很有用。本文介绍了操作方法的复杂细节-在基础层的重复动作和反思循环，以及在第二层与外部关键朋友的其他审查和审议。虽然关键朋友的角色对于自学并不陌生，但对关键友谊两层数据的分析对于利用整个研究中使用的结构和方法有助于个人学习和协作学习很有用。本文介绍了操作方法的复杂细节-在基础层的重复动作和反思循环，以及在第二层与外部关键朋友的其他审查和审议。