Engulfing the Yarkon stream in the northern part of Tel Aviv, the 375-hectares Yarkon Park is the largest public park in Israel and considered as a symbol and a prototype of the modern Israeli park (see Figure 1). Its size is a little larger than Central Park in NewYork and double the size of London’s Hyde Park.The first proposal to establish a green open space on the agricultural lands on the outskirts of town appeared in 1925, when Patrick Geddes, the renowned Scottish planner, prepared the first master plan for Tel Aviv. However, the actual planning of the park and its implementation started only during the 1960s. The expansive pastoral park on both banks of the Yarkon Stream exemplifies two processes of the 1960s that are simultaneously separate and connected. The first is the change of Tel Aviv’s status from ‘The First Hebrew Town’ to Israel’s economic and cultural centre. The second is the adoption of the pastoral park as the prototype of Israel’s large urban parks. Whereas the planning of pre-statehood gardens and parks was part of the national project of creating a Hebrew culture among pre-statehood Zionist settlers in Palestine (1880–1948), the 1960s was when the debate between the local garden culture vs. the Western garden culture was decided in favour of the Western style of garden design and especially the 19 century pastoral park as a symbol of Israeli landscape modernism. This article explores the planning process of Yarkon Park in light of the modern landscape architecture movement in the West and as a modern local icon. It analyses primary sources from private and municipal archives and the documentation of the park in the local general and professional press. The discussion emphasises the role of pastoralism in the making of the Israeli parks.

中文翻译：

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现代城市的现代公园：在 1960-1970 年代规划特拉维夫的雅康公园

吞没了特拉维夫北部的 Yarkon 溪流，占地 375 公顷的 Yarkon 公园是以色列最大的公共公园，被认为是现代以色列公园的象征和原型（见图 1）。它的面积比纽约的中央公园大一点，是伦敦海德公园的两倍。 第一个在城镇郊区的农田上建立绿色开放空间的提议出现在 1925 年，当时著名的苏格兰规划师帕特里克·格德斯 (Patrick Geddes) ，为特拉维夫准备了第一个总体规划。然而，公园的实际规划及其实施仅在 1960 年代才开始。雅康河两岸广阔的田园公园体现了 1960 年代同时分离和连接的两个过程。首先是特拉维夫的地位从“希伯来第一城”转变为以色列的经济和文化中心。二是采用田园公园作为以色列大型城市公园的雏形。建国前花园和公园的规划是在巴勒斯坦建国前犹太复国主义定居者（1880-1948）中创造希伯来文化的国家项目的一部分，而 1960 年代则是当地园林文化与西方文化之间的争论园林文化决定偏向西方风格的园林设计，尤其是19世纪的田园公园作为以色列景观现代主义的象征。本文根据西方现代景观建筑运动并作为现代当地标志来探讨雅康公园的规划过程。它分析了私人和市政档案的主要来源以及当地一般和专业媒体对公园的记录。讨论强调了畜牧业在以色列公园建设中的作用。