ABSTRACT Manuscript MS408 (Voynich) is unusual in a number of respects: 1. It uses an extinct language. 2. Its alphabet uses a number of unfamiliar symbols alongside more familiar symbols. 3. It includes no dedicated punctuation marks. 4. Some of the letters have symbol variants to indicate punctuation. 5. Some of the symbol variants indicate phonetic accents. 6. All of the letters are in lower case. 7. There are no double consonants. 8. It includes diphthong, triphthongs, quadriphthongs and even quintiphthongs for the abbreviation of phonetic components. 9. It includes some words and abbreviations in Latin. As a result, identifying the language and solving the writing system required some ingenuity and lateral thinking, but both were duly revealed. The writing system is rather more singular and less intuitive than modern systems, which may explain why it failed to become culturally ubiquitous and ultimately became obsolete. On the other hand, a significant vestige of the language has survived into the modern era, because its lexicon has been sequestered into the many modern languages of Mediterranean Europe. Here, the language and writing system are explained, so that other scholars can explore the manuscript for its linguistic and informative content.

中文翻译：

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MS408 (Voynich) 的语言和书写系统解释

摘要 MS408 (Voynich) 手稿在许多方面都不寻常： 1. 它使用一种已灭绝的语言。2. 它的字母表除了更熟悉的符号外，还使用了许多不熟悉的符号。3. 它不包括专用标点符号。4. 一些字母有符号变体来表示标点符号。5. 一些符号变体表示音标。6. 所有字母均为小写。7. 没有双辅音。8. 包括双元音、三元音、四元音甚至五元音，是音素的缩写。9. 它包括一些拉丁语单词和缩写。因此，识别语言和解决书写系统需要一些独创性和横向思维，但两者都得到了适当的揭示。书写系统比现代系统更单一，更不直观，这可以解释为什么它未能在文化上无处不在并最终变得过时。另一方面，该语言的一个重要遗迹一直保留到现代，因为它的词典已被隔离在地中海欧洲的许多现代语言中。这里解释了语言和书写系统，以便其他学者可以探索手稿的语言和信息内容。