ABSTRACT Welsh persons were subject to legal restrictions within and near Wales, from the point of local English conquest, c.1067–1283, until the 1536 Act of Union of England and Wales. In this article we outline modern scholars’ two main definitions of ‘race’ and ‘racism’ applicable to the middle ages, both ‘race’ as a structural relationship used to essentialize and disadvantage a group and ‘race’ as a package of presumed heritable physical, mental and moral traits. We then survey discriminatory laws in Wales, characterizing them as falling into four broad categories: security, economic freedom, political rights, and legal rights. The context, nature and evolution of laws within each category are discussed. We finish by testing whether this body of law amounts to ‘race law’ in light of the given definitions of ‘race’ and ‘racism’, concluding that it is race law by both definitions. An appendix of indicative race law is provided.

中文翻译：

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中世纪威尔士“种族法”的特征化

摘要 从 1067 年至 1283 年当地英国征服之时，直到 1536 年英格兰和威尔士联合法案颁布，威尔士人在威尔士境内和附近都受到法律限制。在这篇文章中，我们概述了现代学者对适用于中世纪的“种族”和“种族主义”的两个主要定义，“种族”是一种结构关系，用于使群体本质化和使群体处于不利地位，而“种族”则是一组假定的可遗传的身体、心理和道德特征。然后我们调查了威尔士的歧视性法律，将它们分为四大类：安全、经济自由、政治权利和合法权利。讨论了每个类别中法律的背景、性质和演变。根据给定的“种族”和“种族主义”定义，我们通过测试该法律体系是否构成“种族法”来结束，得出的结论是，这两种定义都是种族法。提供了指示性种族法的附录。