ABSTRACT

Although there exists a significant tradition of films made by one person, collaboration has long been a common practice in documentary film production, with new forms of co-creation emerging with the advent of digital media. This poses the problem of how we should interpret films that combine different skills and different creative visions. What is the place of authorship in such a work? Drawing on a range of examples, including some from the author’s own films, this article describes seven types of collaboration in traditional documentary film practice: Dispersed Collaboration, Co-Authorship, Creative Assistance, Subject Collaboration, Sponsorship, Complicity, and Symbiosis. In addition to these, the collaboration of the viewer is crucial to the final realisation of a film. Also discussed in this article are ethnographic filmmaking, relationships among collaborators, and the personal relations between filmmakers and their subjects.

摘要

尽管由一个人制作电影有着重要的传统，但长期以来，合作一直是纪录片制作中的一种常见做法，随着数字媒体的出现，新的共同创作形式出现了。这就提出了一个问题，即我们应该如何解读结合了不同技能和不同创意愿景的电影。在这样的作品中作者身份在哪里？本文借鉴一系列例子，包括作者自己的电影中的一些例子，描述了传统纪录片实践中的七种合作类型：分散合作、共同作者、创意协助、主题合作、赞助、同谋和共生。除此之外，观众的合作对于电影的最终实现至关重要。本文还讨论了民族志电影制作，