ABSTRACT

Introduced with the hope of reducing refereeing errors and increasing “football justice”, the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) has attracted much criticism from players and spectators alike. Drawing on evidence from domestic and international competitions from the past three years, this article investigates the problems that have become apparent with the system. It argues that the success of technological aids like the VAR depends on the nature of the norms on which they adjudicate. Just like legal norms, football laws can be divided into rules and standards. While the VAR has the ability to make a substantial contribution to enforcing the former, its added value for policing the latter is more limited.

摘要

为了减少裁判失误和增加“足球正义”而推出的视频助理裁判（VAR）引起了球员和观众的广泛批评。本文借鉴过去三年国内外比赛的证据，调查了该系统已变得明显的问题。它认为，像 VAR 这样的技术援助的成功取决于它们所依据的规范的性质。就像法律规范一样，足球法也可以分为规则和标准。虽然 VAR 有能力为执行前者做出重大贡献，但它对监管后者的附加价值更为有限。