ABSTRACT

Boris Pasternak is a key figure in the history of twentieth-century Russian culture. The artistic originality of his poetry and prose has been the subject of fruitful discussion within literary theory and history, the phrase “the poetry of Pasternak” has been interpreted as a culturological concept, and the novel Doctor Zhivago has been recognized as perhaps the most significant work of Russian literature of the last century. This article examines the issues related to Pasternak’s inheriting of the values and meanings of Russian classical culture, which became a focus of polemics among Russian émigré intellectuals. The author argues that Pasternak inherits and masters the artistic language of modernism (as a complex result of intertwining of Symbolism, Acmeism, and Futurism), yet in the process of his development as literati he clearly overcomes the aesthetic attitudes of modernism, eventually arriving at a new version of the classical. Pasternak’s poetry and prose addresses the spiritual issues central to Russian literature. The unique interpretation and resolution of these urgent issues in the writer’s mind determines the content of his profoundly original aesthetics of creativity.

摘要

鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克（Boris Pasternak）是20世纪俄罗斯文化史上的重要人物。他的诗歌和散文的艺术独创性已成为文学理论和历史上丰硕讨论的主题，“帕斯捷尔纳克的诗歌”一词被解释为一种文化概念，小说《日瓦戈医生》被公认为是上世纪俄罗斯文学中最重要的作品。本文探讨了与帕斯捷尔纳克（Pasternak）继承俄罗斯古典文化的价值观和涵义有关的问题，俄国古典文化的价值观和含义成为俄国移民知识分子之间争论的焦点。作者认为，帕斯捷尔纳克（Pasternak）继承并掌握了现代主义的艺术语言（是象征主义，Acmeism和Futurism交织在一起的复杂结果），但在他作为文人的发展过程中，他显然克服了现代主义的美学态度，最终达到了目的。古典的新版本。帕斯捷尔纳克的诗歌和散文论述了俄罗斯文学的精神问题。