ABSTRACT

During the nineteenth century autobiographical writings (autobiographies, memoirs, diaries, letters) deviate from the Rousseauian path and place at the centre of the stories the figure of the exile, of the stateless person, of the apatrida, of the refoulé, in which new problems and visions of the world are condensed. The narration of exile is from now an unsubstitutable part of life’s trajectory — enunciated for the first time from the highly symbolic nucleus of youth. It takes the form of an individual shipwreck and a forced expulsion from a repulsive and oppressive social fabric. But twentieth century dictatorships will generate new forms of exile, linked not only to political proscription — from confinement to expatriation — but to new strategies of racial persecution — from deportation to the Lager. This paper seeks to analyse how some autobiographical texts of Italian and Spanish exile in Argentina, highlight new semantic fields and new visions of the world beyond the appropriation of consolidated narrative strategies. Moreover, the testimonies of Italian Jews and Spanish political dissidents in Argentina are an essential tool for interpreting the phenomenon of migration and contemporary transnationalization and create the setting for a comprehensive debate on individual and collective identity.

摘要

在19世纪，自传体著作（自传体，回忆录，日记，信件）偏离了卢梭的道路，而流放，无国籍人，遗体，回避者的形象则处于故事的中心，其中凝聚了世界的新问题和新视野。从现在起，流放的叙事是生活轨迹的不可替代的一部分-首次从高度象征性的青年核心中阐明。它采取个人沉船的形式，并被排斥和压迫性的社会组织驱逐出境。但是，二十世纪的独裁统治将产生新的流亡形式，不仅与政治禁令（从拘禁到遣返）有关，而且与新的种族迫害战略（从驱逐到拉格）有关。本文旨在分析在阿根廷的一些意大利和西班牙流亡者的自传文本，着重介绍在不使用综合叙事策略的情况下世界的新语义领域和新视野。而且，