ABSTRACT In 1899 the American journalist Henry Demarest Lloyd was one of many social reformers who travelled to New Zealand to witness the social programmes instituted by the Liberal government. For Lloyd and other Progressives, New Zealand represented a model industrial democracy. His book Newest England (1900) describes Public Works Department projects built under the direction of the Department’s Minister, Richard Seddon, including the Makōhine Railway Viaduct. This viaduct was significant as the first steel structure built using the cooperative labour system. This paper places Lloyd’s interpretation of the Makōhine Viaduct within the Progressive discourse about design and labour taking place in Chicago around 1900, focusing on the activities of the Chicago Arts and Crafts Society of which Lloyd was a member. Attention to Lloyd’s Newest England reveals a radical plan for the future of industrial society, one that prefigured the technocracy movement of the early twentieth century. In its dedication to the aims of settler colonialism, it also reveals the theme of racial evolution underpinning Progressive visions of the coming industrial democracy. Exploring that theme, the paper expands scholarship on the origins of modern American architecture in Chicago to include the historical context of colonisation and global immigration.

中文翻译：

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实验国家之旅：亨利·德马雷斯特·劳埃德（Henry Demarest Lloyd）与新西兰工业民主的探索

摘要 1899 年，美国记者亨利·德马雷斯特·劳埃德 (Henry Demarest Lloyd) 是前往新西兰见证自由党政府制定的社会计划的众多社会改革者之一。对于劳埃德和其他进步人士来说，新西兰代表了工业民主的典范。他的著作 Newest England (1900) 描述了公共工程部部长 Richard Seddon 指导下建造的项目，包括 Makōhine 铁路高架桥。这座高架桥作为第一个使用合作劳动制度建造的钢结构具有重要意义。本文将劳埃德对 Makōhine 高架桥的解释置于 1900 年左右在芝加哥发生的关于设计和劳工的进步话语中，重点关注劳埃德是其中成员的芝加哥工艺美术协会的活动。对劳埃德最新英格兰的关注揭示了工业社会未来的激进计划，该计划预示着 20 世纪早期的技术官僚主义运动。在致力于定居者殖民主义的目标时，它还揭示了种族进化的主题，支持即将到来的工业民主的进步愿景。探索这个主题，这篇论文扩展了芝加哥现代美国建筑起源的学术研究，包括殖民化和全球移民的历史背景。