ABSTRACT

Advancing technologies such as artificial intelligence and robots are steadily replacing jobs in the USA. Continuous skill-upgrading and re-skilling are critical for workers to remain employable throughout their careers. In these social and economic contexts, community colleges play significant roles to provide workforce education and training because of their open admission, lower tuition, and shorter and more specific occupational programs compared to four-year universities. However, the detailed data of jobs at risk of automation are currently unavailable to inform future community college programs. This study used the national occupation and risk-of-automation data to estimate specific numbers of jobs at risk by industries and age groups. Results showed that approximately 48% of the jobs could be replaced within two decades. Four industries (1) service; (2) sales and office; (3) natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and (4) production, transportation, and material moving were at a particularly higher risk (up to 75%). At the same time, computer, engineering, and health-care occupations had a lower risk (up to 12%). The estimated numbers of jobs at risk inform community colleges’ strategic planning.

摘要

人工智能和机器人等先进技术正在稳步取代美国的工作岗位。持续的技能升级和技能再培训对于工人在整个职业生涯中保持就业能力至关重要。在这些社会和经济背景下，社区学院在提供劳动力教育和培训方面发挥着重要作用，因为与四年制大学相比，它们的招生开放、学费较低、职业课程更短、更具体。但是，目前无法获得有关面临自动化风险的工作的详细数据来为未来的社区大学课程提供信息。本研究使用全国职业和自动化风险数据来估计行业和年龄组面临风险的具体工作数量。结果表明，大约 48% 的工作岗位可以在 20 年内被取代。四大行业（1）服务；(2) 销售及办公室；(3) 自然资源、建设和维护；(4) 生产、运输和物料搬运的风险尤其高（高达 75%）。与此同时，计算机、工程和医疗保健职业的风险较低（高达 12%）。估计的面临风险的工作数量为社区学院的战略规划提供了依据。