ABSTRACT This article begins by focusing on the presumed relation between the toughness fostered by mixed martial arts (MMA) and the maintenance of traditional ‘hard man’ forms of toxic masculinity. However, it adds an extra dimension to this discussion. It argues that (first) the UFC and (thereafter) MMA as a whole were in very tangible ways invented within and thanks to reality TV. As such, it contends that MMA's often debated relation to ‘real’ fighting needs to be approached in full awareness to the implications of its indebtedness to media representation. Because of this debt, it argues that media representation itself ought to be understood as playing an active role in the invention, maintenance or modification of gendered representation. Finally, it proposes that if a kind of ‘MMA toxic masculinity’ is regarded as being a problem, then the solution may not simply be to ‘change MMA’. Rather, both the problem and the solution may more precisely be located in the kinds of media representations that circulate about MMA subjects and subjectivities.

中文翻译：

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毒恨男子气概：综合格斗硬汉和媒体代表

摘要 本文首先关注综合格斗 (MMA) 培养的坚韧与传统“硬汉”形式的有毒男子气概之间的假定关系。然而，它为这个讨论增加了一个额外的维度。它认为（首先）UFC 和（之后的）综合格斗作为一个整体是在真人秀电视中以非常有形的方式发明的。因此，它认为 MMA 经常被争论与“真正的”战斗的关系需要在充分意识到其对媒体代表的债务的影响的情况下进行处理。由于这种债务，它认为媒体代表本身应该被理解为在性别代表的发明、维护或修改中发挥积极作用。最后，它提出，如果将某种“MMA 毒性男性气质”视为一个问题，那么解决方案可能不仅仅是“改变MMA”。相反，问题和解决方案都可能更准确地定位在关于 MMA 主题和主观性的媒体表现形式中。