ABSTRACT

The increasing global warming and the loss of biodiversity should concern us all. Some feel that outdoor activities, which take place in natural surroundings, should have a special obligation to change. In this article I present an example of what an outdoor life practice that responds to the ecological crisis could look like. I use the simple Norwegian outdoor life called friluftsliv, and the deep ecological version suggested by philosopher and climber Arne Næss (1912–2009) as an example and case. Naessian friluftsliv is interesting and relevant in three ways. First, Naess gave a philosophical basis for friluftsliv, building on deep ecology and Spinozism. Second, he presented content, norms and guidelines for a deep ecological friluftsliv. And third, he gave examples of such friluftsliv through his own practice of simple life in nature. Naess thus presents a radical alternative to present-day resource-consuming and specialized outdoor activities and nature sports. Finally, Naess’s version of deep ecological friluftsliv is discussed in relation to alternative theoretical approaches and to critical questions concerning friluftsliv as practice.

摘要

日益加剧的全球变暖和生物多样性的丧失应引起我们所有人的关注。有些人认为在自然环境中进行的户外活动应该有特殊的改变义务。在这篇文章中，我展示了一个应对生态危机的户外生活实践的例子。我以简单的挪威户外生活friluftsliv和哲学家和登山者 Arne Næss (1912–2009) 提出的深层生态版本为例和案例。Naessian friluftsliv在三个方面很有趣且相关。首先，奈斯以深层生态学和斯宾诺兹主义为基础，为friluftsliv提供了哲学基础。其次，他提出了深层生态friluftsliv的内容、规范和指南。. 第三，他通过自己在自然界中简单生活的实践给出了这种friluftsliv 的例子。因此，Naess 为当今消耗资源的专业户外活动和自然运动提供了一种激进的替代方案。最后，Naess 版本的深层生态friluftsliv与替代理论方法和关于friluftsliv作为实践的关键问题进行了讨论。