ABSTRACT

Shāhnāmeh, Book of Kings, is one of the greatest epics in the world, beautifully put into verse by Abolqāsem Ferdowsi. It is the great Persian epic which makes the Persian language proud. One of the words repeated many times in Shahnameh is ‘Koshti’ which, in new Persian, means Wrestling as a sport. The authors have attempted to examine the philosophy of Koshti/wrestling in this great feat. The findings of the study show that, often, the great heroes (pahlavānān) in battle, having tried various combat tools and having failed to gain victory over one another, inevitably resort to wrestling which determines the ultimate winner of the fight. In Shahnameh, there are two types of wrestling either on foot or on horseback. The heroes often use wresting techniques to defeat the opponent. It is also worth noting that the hero’s prayer to God and seeking His help are repeated in important cases of wrestling. The place of most of the wrestling is mythological and unknown, often driven by revenge, vengeance or an attempt to safeguard a homeland. Shahnameh narrates heroic values in historical myths. Throughout history, these values have led to the social and educational development of Iranian society and neighboring countries. It should be concluded that heroic values can be extended to the modern world of sports, and play an important role in improving and strengthening the philosophy, moral atmosphere and behavior of today’s sports.

摘要

Shahnāmeh，《列王记》，是世界上最伟大的史诗之一，由 Abolqāsem Ferdowsi 优美地写成诗句。是伟大的波斯史诗让波斯语引以为豪。在Shahnameh 中多次重复的词之一是“Kosht​​i”，在新波斯语中，意思是摔跤作为一项运动。作者试图在这项伟大的壮举中检验 Kosht​​i/摔跤的哲学。研究结果表明，战斗中的大英雄（pahlavānān），在尝试了各种战斗工具而未能取得胜利后，不可避免地会诉诸于摔跤，这决定了战斗的最终胜利者。在Shahnameh，有两种类型的摔跤或步行或骑马。英雄们经常使用摔跤技巧来击败对手。还值得注意的是，在重要的摔跤案例中，英雄向上帝祈祷并寻求他的帮助是重复的。大多数摔跤发生的地点都是神话中的未知地点，通常是出于报复、复仇或保卫家园的企图。Shahnameh讲述了历史神话中的英雄价值观。纵观历史，这些价值观导致了伊朗社会和邻国的社会和教育发展。应该得出结论，英雄价值观可以推广到现代体育界，对改进和加强当今体育运动的理念、道德氛围和行为具有重要作用。