Abstract In southern Africa, contact with the typologically and genealogically diverse Khoisan languages has resulted in various changes in Bantu languages. The most salient and well-studied change is the acquisition of clicks, cross-linguistically uncommon phonemes that are a strong indicator of Khoisan influence. However, not all southern African Bantu languages make use of clicks, and contact-induced changes other than the adoption of clicks have rarely been identified. This article provides an overview of contact-induced changes from Khoisan languages in Setswana, a Bantu language without clicks spoken in South Africa and Botswana that is still in active contact with speakers of various Khoisan languages. Setswana has been influenced by different Khoisan languages in the form of loanwords and in the form of extensions of lexical semantics based on polysemy patterns common in Khoisan languages. These contact-induced changes provide a window on the nature of past interactions between Setswana and Khoisan speakers.

中文翻译：

---

科伊桑语和班图语之间的语言联系：塞茨瓦纳语

摘要在南部非洲，接触类型和族谱各异的科伊桑语导致了班图语的各种变化。最明显和研究最充分的变化是获得点击，这是跨语言的罕见音素，是考伊桑语影响力的重要指标。但是，并非所有的南部非洲班图语都使用点击，除了采用点击之外，很少发现接触引起的变化。本文概述了Setswana中Khoisan语言与接触所引起的变化，Setswana是南非和博茨瓦纳语中没有点击的班图语，仍在与各种Khoisan语言的使用者保持积极联系。塞斯瓦纳已受到不同的Khoisan语言的影响，它们以借用词的形式以及基于Khoisan语言中常见的多义模式的词法语义扩展的形式出现。这些由接触引起的变化为Setswana和Khoisan演讲者之间过去互动的性质提供了一个窗口。