ABSTRACT In the then Ciskei, the apartheid policy of separate development introduced a decentralised industrialisation system. This strategy promoted the establishment of firms and factories in the Bantustans and Homelands (i.e., reserved black areas outside of the then so-called white South Africa). The strategy was backed up by subsidies from the National Party led- apartheid government, helping to create employment in rural areas. However, with the advent of democracy in 1994, the apartheid government subsidy system was terminated as part of the broader processes of reconstruction and development, as well as redress of the past inequities. This resulted in rapid deindustrialisation and the high unemployment as factories that depended on the government subsidies closed, and jobs were lost. This article is based on research conducted amongst households in the Khambashe village, located in the former Ciskei Bantustan area, and sought to understand how they responded to the challenges of unemployment and poverty due to deindustrialisation. Specifically, the paper seeks to understand the role, if any, of indigenous knowledge in food production and food security. A mixed methods approach comprised unstructured face-to-face interviews, and a survey questionnaire was used to gather data on indigenous knowledge and its role in food production processes and food security. Results were analysed through thematic analysis and SPSS. The findings suggest that women are mostly responsible for using indigenous techniques in food production activities such as planting, hoeing, weeding, harvesting, and food processing and preservation as well as soil conservation. Both men and young people are minimally involved.

中文翻译：

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南非东开普省 Khambashe 农村的土著知识、粮食生产和粮食安全

摘要 在当时的西斯凯，单独发展的种族隔离政策引入了分散的工业化体系。这一战略促进了在班图斯坦和家园（即当时所谓的南非白人以外的保留黑人地区）建立公司和工厂。该战略得到了民族党领导的种族隔离政府补贴的支持，有助于在农村地区创造就业机会。然而，随着 1994 年民主的到来，种族隔离政府补贴制度被终止，作为更广泛的重建和发展进程的一部分，以及纠正过去的不平等。由于依赖政府补贴的工厂关闭，工作岗位流失，这导致了快速的去工业化和高失业率。本文基于对位于前 Ciskei Bantustan 地区的 Khambashe 村的家庭进行的研究，旨在了解他们如何应对因去工业化而导致的失业和贫困挑战。具体而言，本文旨在了解土著知识在粮食生产和粮食安全中的作用（如果有的话）。混合方法包括非结构化的面对面访谈，并使用调查问卷收集有关土著知识及其在粮食生产过程和粮食安全中的作用的数据。结果通过专题分析和SPSS进行分析。调查结果表明，妇女主要负责在粮食生产活动中使用本土技术，例如种植、锄草、除草、收割、食品加工和保存以及土壤保持。男性和年轻人都很少参与。